{"id":4289,"date":"2022-11-23T23:52:45","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T20:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/?p=4289"},"modified":"2024-08-19T13:55:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T10:55:59","slug":"roma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/23\/roma\/","title":{"rendered":"Roma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Roma<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014-2018-2022 Gezilerimden<\/p>\n

Roma Hakk\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roma \u015fehrinin ilk kurulu\u015fu M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Efsaneye g\u00f6re Roma ismi, \u015fehrin kurucusu Kral Romulus’tan geliyor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Zamanla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131ndan biri haline gelen Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Anadolu’da da bir\u00e7ok eser b\u0131rakan imparatorluk \u00f6nce b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcyor, sonra da \u0130stanbul’un fethi ile tarih sahnesinden siliniyor.<\/p>\n

Orta \u00e7a\u011fda Katolik Kilisesinin merkezi olan Roma, Floransa’da ba\u015flayan R\u00f6nesans’\u0131n merkezi haline gelerek sanat tarihinin en \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden biri oluyor.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce 3 kez geldi\u011fim Roma’ya bu sefer 2,5 g\u00fcn ay\u0131rd\u0131k. Binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k sanat tarihini bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ke\u015ffetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil tabii ki. Ama elimizden geldi\u011fince \u00e7ok gezmek ve bir o kadar da \u015fehrin havas\u0131n\u0131 hissetmek istiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Roma’da Gezilecek Yerler<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-Vatikan (San Pietro Meydan\u0131, San Pietro Bazilikas\u0131, Sistine \u015eapeli, Rafeal Odalar\u0131)<\/p>\n

2-San Angelo Kalesi<\/p>\n

3-Navona Meydan\u0131<\/p>\n

4-Pasquino Heykeli<\/p>\n

5-Campo de Fiori (\u00c7i\u00e7ek Meydan\u0131)<\/p>\n

6-Pantheon<\/p>\n

7-II. Vittorio Emanuele An\u0131t\u0131<\/p>\n

8-Palatino Tepesi ve Forum<\/p>\n

9-Kolozyum<\/p>\n

10-Trevi \u00c7e\u015fmesi<\/p>\n

11-\u0130spanyol Merdivenleri<\/p>\n

12-Piazza del Popolo<\/p>\n

13-Santa Maria Delle Popolo Kilisesi<\/p>\n

14-Santa Maria Maggiore Bazilikas\u0131<\/p>\n

15-Borghese Galerisi<\/p>\n

16-Sant John Lateran Bazilikas\u0131<\/p>\n

17-Santa Maria della Vittoria Kilisesi<\/p>\n

18-San Pietro in Vincoli Kilisesi<\/p>\n

19-Trastevere<\/p>\n

1- Vatikan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roma’da bulunan, Hristiyan Katolik mezhebinin y\u00f6netim merkezi olan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devleti Vatikan’\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 1000 civar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flumla gezmi\u015ftik ama az zamanda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir gezi\u015f olmu\u015ftu. Son geli\u015fimizde de 1,5 saat bilet s\u0131ras\u0131 beklemi\u015ftik ve sonras\u0131nda saat 16:00’da\u00a0 “bu saatten sonra i\u00e7eriye ziyaret\u00e7i alm\u0131yoruz” deyip d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdi \ud83d\ude41 O y\u00fczden bu sefer gelmeden \u00f6nce online biletlerimizi ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Kulenin teras\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karsan\u0131z manzara bir harika. (2014’te \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131k).<\/p>\n

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San Pietro Meydan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bazilikan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alan ve her iki tarafa d\u00f6rtl\u00fc s\u00fctunlu kemerler ile eliptik \u015fekil verilmi\u015f meydan, Papa VII. Alexander i\u00e7in, heykelt\u0131ra\u015f-mimar Lorenzo Bernini taraf\u0131ndan 1656-1667 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. S\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki aziz heykelleri de Bernini’nin \u00f6\u011frencileri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bernini Hakk\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6mr\u00fc boyunca sekiz Papaya hizmet etmi\u015f \u0130talyan heykelt\u0131ra\u015f, mimar, dekorat\u00f6r ve ressamd\u0131r. Roma’daki eserlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fi Bernini’ye aittir. (Baldaken, VII. Alexander An\u0131t\u0131, Piazza Navona, Sant Angelo Kalesi, Borghese Galerisi, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131, Piazza San Pietro)<\/p>\n

Santa Maria Della Vittoria Kilisesinin mihrap ni\u015finde yer alan kompozisyonunun temeli Azize Theresa’n\u0131n dinsel duygular i\u00e7inde kendinden ge\u00e7i\u015fine (vech) dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vatikan \u015fehrinin yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 o tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Roma ve Vatikan \u015fehirlerindeki eserlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, b\u00fcy\u00fck yetene\u011fi sayesinde kilisenin himayesine girmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Dan Brown’un Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bir \u0130lluminati \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir. Hatta \u0130lluminati’nin gizli toplant\u0131 yeri olan Ayd\u0131nlanma kilisesinin yerini eserleriyle belirtti\u011fi iddia edilmektedir. Do\u011fan\u0131n d\u00f6rt mistik \u00f6\u011fesi Toprak, Hava, Ate\u015f ve Su; her bir eserinin temas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toprak eseri; Santa Maria del Popolo Bazilikas\u0131 i\u00e7inde “Habakkuk ile Melek” heykelidir.<\/p>\n

Hava i\u015fareti; San Pietro meydan\u0131n\u0131n zemininde bulunan elips \u015fekilli bir r\u00f6lyef ve \u00fczerinde hava \u00fcflemekte olan bir melek y\u00fcz\u00fc tasviri. Respiro di dio (Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Nefesi) ad\u0131yla da bilinen West Ponente (Bat\u0131 R\u00fczgar\u0131).<\/p>\n

Ate\u015f i\u015fareti; “Azize Teresa’n\u0131n Vecdi” heykelidir.<\/p>\n

Son olarak su i\u015fareti ise; “D\u00f6rt Irmak \u00c7e\u015fmesi”dir.<\/p>\n

Bu bilgilerden sonra kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden devam edelim.<\/p>\n

San Pietro Meydan\u0131’n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulunan ve M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen M\u0131s\u0131r Dikilita\u015f\u0131 <\/strong>1586’da \u0130skenderiye\u2019den getirilip diktirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Merakl\u0131lar\u0131na, Dan Brown kitap ve filmlerinde ge\u00e7en, meydanda mermer zemin \u00fczerine \u00e7izilmi\u015f bat\u0131 r\u00fczgar\u0131n\u0131 (hava) simgeleyen resim.<\/p>\n

\"File:Sud<\/p>\n

Meydan\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda Bernini ve Domenico Fontana\u2019n\u0131n tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 f\u0131skiyeli \u00e7e\u015fme yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Papa her y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131nda meydanda toplanan Katolik ve di\u011fer mezhepten dinleyicilerine seslenerek mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 okumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

San Pietro Bazilikas\u0131 (Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131<\/b>)<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aziz Petrus (Pietro);<\/strong> Hristiyanl\u0131k dininin ve Katolik kilisesinin ilk papas\u0131d\u0131r. Petrus, Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n 12 Havarisinden biridir. Filistin\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f ve Roma\u2019da \u0130mparator Neron zaman\u0131nda Neron arenas\u0131nda \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

349 y\u0131l\u0131nda I. Konstantin, Petrus\u2019un mezar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu yere bir mabet (\u0130lk San Pietro Bazilikas\u0131) yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Buras\u0131, takip eden papalar\u0131n da g\u00f6rev yeri olmaya devam etmi\u015f. B\u00f6ylece Vatikan’\u0131n temelleri burada at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Papalar 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 1309 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Roma\u2019daki Lateran Saray\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar. Saray \u015fimdi Papal\u0131k Devletlerinin tarihini g\u00f6steren Vatikan Tarih M\u00fczesi\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1309\u20131377 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda papa se\u00e7ilen Frans\u0131z Kardinaller \u00fclkeyi Fransa’dan y\u00f6netmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Vatikan; 1377 y\u0131l\u0131nda sonra Papalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Vatikan Devleti ise 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Laterano Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kurulmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Papa II. Julius, ilk bazilikan\u0131n yerine yenisinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 1506 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f. Bazilika 1612 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

1506 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyan Mimar\u00a0Donato Bramante<\/strong> kiliseyi tasarlamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f fakat bundan tam sekiz y\u0131l sonra hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesiyle birlikte Raffaello Sanzio<\/strong> projeyi devralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1520 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Raffaello\u2019nun da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yap\u0131n\u0131n yeni mimar\u0131 Michelangelo<\/strong> olarak belirlenmi\u015f. Michelangelo\u2019dan sonra son kez mimar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilen Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131’n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 1626 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ve yap\u0131 nihayet Papa taraf\u0131ndan kutsanarak ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Kubbesi Michelangelo, i\u00e7 dekorasyonu Gian Lorenzo Bernini ve yap\u0131n\u0131n kendisi R\u00f6nesans ve Barok D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli mimarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan kilisede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir di\u011fer \u0130talyan sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve mimar; Carlo Maderno’dur.<\/p>\n

\u201cGer\u00e7ek sanat eseri, ilahi m\u00fckemmelli\u011fin g\u00f6lgesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir” diyen Michelangelo, yap\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc halinin ana mimar\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131 tamamlanamadan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ama onu di\u011fer usta ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tamamlayabilece\u011fi seviyeye getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Cephe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Carlo Moderno taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan g\u00f6steri\u015fli cephe, 144 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 45 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir. Portikteki s\u00fctunlar ve al\u0131nl\u0131klar \u00fczerinde \u0130sa, Vaftizci Yahya ve havarilerin heykelleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

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Charlemagne Heykeli\u00a0<\/strong>(Cornacchini, 1725)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Portikonun en solunda 800 y\u0131l\u0131n\u00a0Aziz Petrus\u2019ta ta\u00e7 giyen ilk imparator olan Charlemage\u2019nin atl\u0131 heykeli yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\n
Konstantin Heykeli (Bernini, 1670)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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Portikonun sa\u011f ucunda, Bernini taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilen at \u00fczerinde Konstantin heykeli bulunur.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f Kap\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Portal\u0131n be\u015f bronz kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm kap\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0En soldaki kap\u0131d\u0131r. Giacomo Manzu taraf\u0131ndan 1961-1964 y\u0131llar\u0131nda y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yeni bir kap\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6len papalar\u0131n cenaze alaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu adla an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\"<\/div>\n
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\u0130yinin ve K\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn Kap\u0131s\u0131: <\/strong>Soldan ikinci kap\u0131d\u0131r. Minguzzi taraf\u0131ndan 1977’de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 80. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Papa VI. Paul’a ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131. Sa\u011f paneller iyili\u011fi, soldaki k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Filarete Kap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>: Antonio Averuline taraf\u0131ndan 1433-1445’te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En eski kap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Sakramentlerin Kap\u0131s\u0131 (Ayin Kap\u0131s\u0131): <\/strong>Crocetti taraf\u0131ndan 1965’te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, genellikle bazilikaya girmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Paneller yedi ayin ve vaaz\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Kutsal Kap\u0131: <\/strong>En sa\u011fdaki kap\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7re Katolikleri taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan kap\u0131 Konsorti taraf\u0131ndan 1949’da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 25 y\u0131lda bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve bu kap\u0131dan ge\u00e7ildi\u011finde cennete gidilece\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r. En son a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f j\u00fcbilesi 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kutsal bir y\u0131l\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, Papa g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir \u00e7eki\u00e7le tu\u011fla duvara vurur ve onu hac\u0131lara a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

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Pieta<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bazilikaya girdikten sonra sa\u011fda Michelangelo’nun 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pieta heykeli bulunuyor. (Pieta, \u0130talyanca merhamet anlam\u0131na geliyor. Hristiyanl\u0131kta Meryem anay\u0131, \u00e7arm\u0131htan indirilmi\u015f \u00f6l\u00fc \u0130sa\u2019y\u0131 kuca\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6steren sahnelere Pieta deniyor.)<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z Piskopos Jean Bilheres, Pieta’y\u0131 1498’de, San Pietro’daki mezar\u0131 i\u00e7in sipari\u015f etmi\u015f. O zamana kadar Meryem Ana, heykellerde genellikle ya\u015fl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n olarak tasvir edilirmi\u015f. Oysa burada Meryem’in y\u00fcz\u00fc genceciktir. Michelangelo’nun bunun i\u00e7in; Meryem’in bakireli\u011fi ve safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde gen\u00e7li\u011fini muhafaza etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Michelangelo bu eserinde ismini elbisenin ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131na kaz\u0131m\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Baldaken<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bernini taraf\u0131ndan Barok tarzda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bronz baldaken, orta nefin sonlar\u0131nda, ge\u00e7i\u015fin merkezinde ve do\u011frudan bazilikan\u0131n kubbesinin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. (Orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda sunak bulunan d\u00f6rt ayakl\u0131 g\u00f6lgelik tarz\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lar baldaken olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.) 20 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yap\u0131. San Pietro\u2019nun mezar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, mezar yerini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0 Bazilikan\u0131n ana noktas\u0131, baldakenin alt\u0131ndaki bu Papal\u0131k altar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kubbe<\/strong><\/p>\n

Michelangelo taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan kubbe 42 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda olup Pantheon\u2019a h\u00fcrmeten onunkinden 1,3 metre k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 136 metre.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck kubbe, 16 pencere ile geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131l\u0131r. Kubbenin i\u00e7inde dev harflerle latince \u201cSen Petrus\u2019sun ve ben bu ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne kilisemi kuraca\u011f\u0131m. Sana da g\u00f6kler krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim edece\u011fim.\u201d yazar. Kubbeyi g\u00f6ksel krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eden mozaikler s\u00fcslemektedir.<\/p>\n

Apsis (Ana Trib\u00fcn)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bernini\u2019nin 1656\u20131665 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kubbeli apsis barok mimari \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ortada Aziz Petrus’un Taht\u0131, solda III. Paul An\u0131t\u0131, sa\u011fda VIII. Urban an\u0131t\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n

Eserin tepesindeki g\u00fcne\u015fi ve onun \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran yuvarlak yap\u0131 mevcuttur. Bu \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan da kutsal ruhu simgeleyen beyaz g\u00fcvercin \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VII. Alexander Mezar An\u0131t\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kilisede bulunan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli Bernini eseri. 1678\u2019de tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mezar an\u0131t\u0131nda VII. Alexander heykelinin hemen alt\u0131nda Papa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn -adalet, do\u011fruluk, iffet ve basiret- sembol\u00fc olarak d\u00f6rt adet kad\u0131n fig\u00fcr\u00fc bulunuyor. Ayr\u0131ca k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 sar\u0131 renkli bir \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f iskeletin elinde zaman\u0131n ak\u0131p gidi\u015fini sembolize eden alt\u0131n rengindeki kum saati bu heykelin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi. Yani \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Aziz Petrus Heykeli<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Bazilikan\u0131n i\u00e7inde Heykelt\u0131ra\u015f Arnoldo di Cambio taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan, Aziz Petrus\u2019un bir zamanlar kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 taht\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne oturtulmu\u015f bronz bir Aziz Petrus heykeli bulunuyor.\u00a0 Ziyaret\u00e7iler heykelin aya\u011f\u0131na dokunman\u0131n \u015fans getirece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130svi\u00e7reli Muhaf\u0131zlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u0130svi\u00e7re ekonomisi k\u00f6t\u00fcyken gen\u00e7 erkekler genellikle paral\u0131 asker olarak yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015f buluyorlard\u0131. Bu askerler ustaca e\u011fitilmi\u015f sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lard\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 olarak R\u00f6nesans Avrupas\u0131’nda \u00e7ok makbuld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

1506 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa II. Julius, Pontifical Swiss Guard’\u0131 kurdu ve onu s\u00fcrekli operasyondaki en eski askeri birimler haline getirdi. Bunlar Papa\u2019n\u0131n bek\u00e7ileri idiler. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ordusu olarak bilinen bu grup 125 ki\u015fi ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu gruba dahil olmak i\u00e7in 30 ya\u015f alt\u0131, erkek, beyaz, \u0130svi\u00e7re Ordusu mensubu ve Katolik olunmas\u0131 gerekiyormu\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca orduda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunmas\u0131 ve \u00fcniversite diplomas\u0131 sahibi olunmas\u0131 da gerekli imi\u015f. Vatikan\u2019da yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi en az 25 ay imi\u015f. Bu g\u00f6rev bizzat Papa taraf\u0131ndan kutsand\u0131ktan sonra ba\u015flayabiliyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Verilen askeri e\u011fitim ayr\u0131ca kalabal\u0131k kontrol\u00fc, vip koruma, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc silah kullan\u0131m\u0131, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma ve tutma vb. askeri taktikleri de kaps\u0131yor. Bu askerler, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u00fcksek teknolojili silah\u0131 kullanabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Orta \u00e7a\u011fdan kalma g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, sar\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, mavi renkli \u00fcniformalar\u0131 i\u015flerinin hafif olu\u015fundan de\u011fil gelenekten geliyor. O zamandan beri Vatikan\u2019a yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 ile bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Vatikan M\u00fczeleri <\/strong><\/p>\n

Vatikan M\u00fczeleri Papalar\u0131n sanata olan ilgileri nedeni ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Koleksiyonun temeli Papa II. Julius\u2019un sanat eserlerini toplamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan gelen 5 y\u00fczy\u0131lda da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinden sanat eserleri ile antik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar toplanm\u0131\u015f. 11 m\u00fczenin birle\u015fiminden olu\u015fan ve\u00a0\u201cM\u00fczelerin M\u00fczesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu dev m\u00fcze; d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sanat koleksiyonuna ev sahipli\u011fi yapan bir m\u00fcze kompleksi.\u00a0Sistina \u015eapeli dahil edildi\u011finde 54 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vatikan M\u00fczeleri i\u00e7inde yer alan en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmler:<\/p>\n

Sistina \u015eapeli<\/p>\n

Rafhael Odalar\u0131<\/p>\n

Yunan-Roma Eserleri<\/p>\n

Etr\u00fcsk M\u00fczesi<\/p>\n

Vatikan M\u00fczeleri haricinde bu alanda g\u00fczel mimari yap\u0131lar da bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczelere giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f g\u00fczergah\u0131nda son durak Sistine \u015eapeli. En \u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc sona saklarken di\u011fer m\u00fczeleri de g\u00f6rmemizi istemi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Ben okumaya sabr\u0131n\u0131z olmazsa endi\u015fesi ile Sistine \u015eapeli’ni ba\u015fa koyuyorum \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Sistina \u015eapeli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roma\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sanatsal hac yeri olan Sistine \u015eapeli; Papa IV. Sixtus i\u00e7in 1477-1481 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eapel, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 40 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 14 metre geni\u015fli\u011findedir. Duvarlar\u0131 ve tavan\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen muhte\u015fem freskleri ile \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sistina \u015eapeli temelde Botticelli ve Michelangelo eserleriyle doludur.<\/p>\n

IV. Sixtus, Sistine \u015eapelini dekore etmek i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcr\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131 davet ederken Da Vinci\u2019yi\u00a0 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f. Yetene\u011fi kabul g\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri bitirememesi negatif bir puan olmu\u015f onun i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Sandro Botticelli (1445\u20131510)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Botticelli, R\u00f6nesans resim sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015f. Kendisini delili\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen kayg\u0131s\u0131, sanat\u0131na y\u00f6n vermi\u015f, u\u00e7ucu ve co\u015fkulu fig\u00fcrler \u00e7izmi\u015f. Botticelli, dini konu alan tablolar yapm\u0131\u015f olsa da, dinsel bir ressam de\u011fil, g\u00fczelli\u011fe tutkun bir ressam olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli eserleri: M\u00fcneccim Krallar\u0131n Tap\u0131nmas\u0131 (Uffizi Galerisi) (Kendini resmin sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda resmetmi\u015f), Madonna (Louvre M\u00fczesi), Sistina \u015eapeli’nde Musa’n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131ran 3 fresk ile \u015eeytan\u0131n \u0130sa’y\u0131 Ayartma \u00c7abalar\u0131, Primavera (\u0130lkbahar) (Uffizi), Ven\u00fcs ile Mars (Ulusal Galeri, Londra), Meryem’in Ta\u00e7 Giymesi (Uffizi).<\/p>\n

Ven\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn do\u011fu\u015fu (Uffizi);\u00a0Tablo mitolojik konuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli R\u00f6nesans resmi. Hatta Avrupa\u2019daki ilk R\u00f6nesans n\u00fc resmi oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenmekte.<\/p>\n

Michelangelo (1475-1564)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Michelangelo, heykeldeki r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri olan \u00e7ocuk kral Davud’un heykelini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz 25 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Be\u015f bu\u00e7uk metrelik bir mermer k\u00fctleden \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 eser i\u00e7in gen\u00e7 dahi, mermer blo\u011fun yan\u0131na bir baraka in\u015fa ederek, yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman geceli g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak R\u00f6nesans sanat\u0131n\u0131n harikalar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilen Davud\u2019u yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son 500 y\u0131ld\u0131r Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u015eapeli olarak kabul edilen Sistina \u015eapeli onun en g\u00f6rkemli eseri olarak kabul edilmektedir<\/p>\n

\u201cBen heykel yaratm\u0131yorum, heykeller o ta\u015flar\u0131n i\u00e7inde zaten var, ben sadece fazlal\u0131klar\u0131 al\u0131yorum\u201d demi\u015f Michelangelo. Rivayete g\u00f6re; Michelangelo\u2019nun evine her g\u00fcn ev i\u015flerini yapmak i\u00e7in gelen hizmetlinin k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu, bir s\u00fcre heykelt\u0131ra\u015f\u0131 izledikten sonra, \u201cO at\u0131n, ta\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu nerden biliyorsun?\u201d demi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Sistina \u015eapeli<\/strong>‘nin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tavan\u0131 mavi zemin \u00fczerine alt\u0131n yald\u0131zla s\u00fcsl\u00fcyken\u00a0 Sixtus bunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in\u00a0 Michelangelo\u2019yu g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f. Resim e\u011fitimi almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen heykelt\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7en sanat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6nce i\u015fi kabul etmemi\u015f ama sonras\u0131nda bu i\u015fi de bir \u015faheser olarak 1512’de tamamlam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tavanda resim sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u015faheseri olan fresklerde \u0130ncil\u2019in Tekvin (Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f) kitab\u0131ndan 9 de\u011fi\u015fik tablo kompozisyonu bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1. I\u015f\u0131k ve Karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a02. G\u00fcne\u015f, Ay ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a03. Karalar\u0131n Sulardan Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 4. Adem\u2019in Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a05. Havva\u2019n\u0131n Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a06. Cennetten Kovulma\u00a07. Nuh\u2019un Kurban Adamas\u0131\u00a08. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00a09. Nuh\u2019un Sarho\u015flu\u011fu<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle \u201cAdem\u2019in Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d freskine m\u00fczenin bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sanat eseri g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0Bu; Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n insan\u0131 kendi suretinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir tablodur.<\/p>\n

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Adem\u2019in Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Tablosu: <\/strong>\u015eapel\u2019in tavan k\u0131sm\u0131nda bir beyin fig\u00fcr\u00fc var. Meleklerle \u00e7evrili Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 simgeleyen \u00e7izim, beyin fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7erisine oturtulmu\u015f. Beyin simgesinin orta k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki tanr\u0131 sa\u011f elinin ikinci parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzatarak ilk insan olan Adem\u2019e hayat veriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu odada foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmek yasakt\u0131. Yasa\u011f\u0131 biraz deldik.<\/p>\n

Musa ile \u0130sa Peygamber\u2019in hayatlar\u0131ndan kesintiler betimlenen yan duvarlardaki freskler, Botticelli liderli\u011finde Perugino ve Signorelli gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lara ait.<\/p>\n

Son Yarg\u0131 (K\u0131yamet G\u00fcn\u00fc): <\/strong>1534\u2019te papa olan III. Paulus ise Michelangelo’yu \u015fapelin altar duvar\u0131na (mihrab\u0131n arkas\u0131na) Son Yarg\u0131 (Mah\u015fer) temal\u0131 resim yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti. Michelangelo\u2019nun olgunluk d\u00f6neminin ba\u015f yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fclerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gazab\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fmek i\u00e7in mezarlar\u0131ndan kalkmalar\u0131n\u0131n betimlendi\u011fi fresk Sistina \u015eapeli\u2019ndeki en pop\u00fcler eserlerden. K\u0131yamet G\u00fcn\u00fc iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck eden ki\u015filerin cennete ve cehenneme g\u00f6nderilmelerini konu ediniyor. Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n toplamda 4 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olan eser, Vatikan\u2019daki Sistine \u015eapeli\u2019nin duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsl\u00fcyor. Bu resim, boylar\u0131 genelde iki metreyi a\u015fan, yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz fig\u00fcr i\u00e7eren b\u00fcy\u00fck altar duvar\u0131n\u0131 boydan boya kaplamaktayd\u0131. D\u00fczenleme, dikd\u00f6rtgen olarak, bulutlar\u0131n ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yatay d\u00f6rt \u015ferit bi\u00e7iminde tasar\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

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En \u00fcstte birinci \u015feritte yer alan iki yar\u0131mayda, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ektiklerinin simgesi olan e\u015fyalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan melek gruplar\u0131 bulunuyor. Soldaki yar\u0131mayda melekler, bu simgelerden \u00e7arm\u0131h\u0131 ve dikenli tac\u0131; sa\u011fdaki yar\u0131mayda ise, k\u0131rba\u00e7lanma s\u00fctununu ta\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131maylar\u0131n hemen alt\u0131ndaki ikinci \u015feridin ortas\u0131nda \u0130sa Peygamber, buyurgan bir edayla h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc verirken tasvir edilmi\u015f. \u0130sa kendi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda parlarken sa\u011f\u0131nda hafif\u00e7e ona bedenini yaslam\u0131\u015f annesi Meryem bulunuyor. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n iki yan\u0131nda Havarilerden, Azizlerden ve Kilise Babalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kutsal topluluk yer al\u0131yor. Altta omzunda \u0131zgaras\u0131yla Aziz Lorenzo ile elinde b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ve derisi y\u00fcz\u00fclerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in sol elinde kendi derisini tutan Aziz Bartolomeus betimlenmi\u015f. Michelangelo\u2019nun, Bartolomeus\u2019un derisinin \u00fcst\u00fcne ise kendi portresini \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n solundaki insan k\u00fcmesinin ortas\u0131nda, elinde anahtarlar\u0131yla Aziz Petrus; sa\u011fdaki k\u00fcmede, Meryem\u2019in hemen yan\u0131nda, arkas\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fck ve elinde \u00e7apraz ha\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Aziz Andreas; onun solunda, hayvan postu ile Vaftizci Yahya yer al\u0131yor. Bu yatay b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sol yan\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar, sa\u011f yan\u0131nda ise erkekler tasvir edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015feridin ortas\u0131nda, ince uzun borular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcfleyerek, mezarlar\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcleri dirilten melekler k\u00fcmesi bulunuyordu. Bu k\u00fcmenin sol alt k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir melek, cennetliklerin ad\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 defteri tutuyor. Sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fede ise, iki melek, g\u00fcnahkarlar\u0131n ad\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 kal\u0131n defteri tutuyordu. Bu yatay b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn solunda, gerek tek ba\u015flar\u0131na, gerekse kanats\u0131z meleklerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00f6\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kan dirilmi\u015f ruhlar; ortaya do\u011fru bir tespih yard\u0131m\u0131yla kurtar\u0131lan iki ruh; yatay b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sa\u011f\u0131nda ise cehennem u\u00e7urumuna yuvarlanan g\u00fcnahkarlar betimlenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015feritte solda mezarlar\u0131ndan dirilen \u00f6l\u00fcler, kurtar\u0131lmay\u0131 bekleyen ya da melekler taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131 al\u0131nan bedenler; ortada, cehennemin a\u011fz\u0131 veya \u015feytanlar\u0131n giri\u015f yeri diye yorumlanan bir oyuk; sa\u011fda cehennem kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Kharon\u2019un cehenneme d\u00fc\u015fenleri kay\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan at\u0131\u015f\u0131 tasvir edilmi\u015fti. En altta, sa\u011f k\u00f6\u015fede, bir y\u0131lana sar\u0131l\u0131 fig\u00fcr Cehennem Prensi Minos.<\/p>\n

Michelangelo\u2019nun o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edilen beden tasvirleri, hem kilise y\u00f6netimi hem de di\u011fer kesimler taraf\u0131ndan tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f. Trento Konsili’nin (1545-1563) getirdi\u011fi kurallar sebebiyle ressam Daniele da Volterra, kutsal fig\u00fcrlerin \u00e7\u0131plak bedenlerini giydirmekle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f ve bu emri yerine getirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn kahramanlar\u0131 birer bezle \u00f6rtmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130talyan rahip ve Papal\u0131k T\u00f6ren Ustas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Vatikan yetkilisi Cesena; “Daha \u00f6nce bu \u00e7\u0131plak fig\u00fcrlerin b\u00f6yle kutsal bir mekanda kendilerini al\u00e7ak bir \u015fekilde sergilemesi kadar utan\u00e7 verici bir \u015fey olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma papal\u0131k \u015fapeline de\u011fil ancak hamamlara ve tavernalara yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r” demi\u015f.<\/sup> Buna cevaben Michelangelo da resme Minos, yani cehennem yarg\u0131c\u0131 olarak Cesena’n\u0131n suretini eklemi\u015f. S\u00f6ylenilenlere g\u00f6re de Cesena durumu Papa’ya \u015fikayet edince, Papa’dan “yetki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n cehennemi kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle portrenin kald\u0131r\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131” cevab\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f:)<\/p>\n

Altardaki Michelangelo\u2019nun Son Yarg\u0131<\/strong> isimli freskini kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sa\u011f duvarda s\u0131ras\u0131yla; Adem’in yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Vaftizi, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015ftan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, Aziz Petrus ile Andreas\u2019a \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131, Da\u011fdaki Vaaz, Anahtarlar\u0131n Aziz Petrus\u2019a Verili\u015fi ve Son Yemek fresklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Sol duvarsa ise, yine s\u0131ras\u0131yla;\u00a0Musa\u2019n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a Yolculu\u011fu, Musa\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 Almas\u0131, K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019i Ge\u00e7i\u015f, Alt\u0131n Buza\u011f\u0131ya Tap\u0131n\u0131\u015f, Asilerin Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Musa\u2019n\u0131n Son G\u00fcnleri isimli freskler mevcut.<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131 duvarda ise; \u0130sa’n\u0131n Dirili\u015fi, Musa’n\u0131n Bedeni \u00dczerine Tart\u0131\u015fma freskleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Goblenler Galerisi (Galleria degli Arazzi)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dcst kattaki uzun koridorda yer alan Goblenler Galerisi\u2019nde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Raphael\u2019in \u00f6\u011frencilerine ait olmak \u00fczere 15-16 ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait goblenler sergileniyor.<\/p>\n

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Haritalar Galerisi (Galleria delle Carte Geografiche)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adriyatik K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131, Bat\u0131 \u0130talya ve Fransa gibi \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131nda Malta Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 gibi betimlemelerin de sergilendi\u011fi Haritalar Galerisi, Goblenler Galerisi\u2019nin devam\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Rafael Odalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rafael ve \u00f6\u011frencileri taraf\u0131ndan Papa Julius II, Leo X ve Clement VII i\u00e7in dekore edilmi\u015f d\u00f6rt papal\u0131k dairesinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rafael; \u0130talyan ressam, mimar, heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve \u015fairdir. Ayr\u0131ca arkeolojiye ilgili oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

16. y\u00fczy\u0131l Roma Okulu temsilcisidir.\u00a0Sadece 37 y\u0131l ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Michelangelo ve Leonardo Da Vinci ile birlikte en sayg\u0131de\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 \u0130talyan R\u00f6nesans ustas\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Leonardo ve Michelangelo, onun kendilerini taklit etmelerinden \u015fikayet\u00e7iymi\u015f. Hatta Michelangelo\u2019dan gizli gece Sistine \u015eapeli’<\/strong>ne girer, onun eserini incelermi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131m\u0131 16 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ve Rafael’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar tamamlanmadan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi odalar \u015f\u00f6yle;<\/p>\n

1-Constantinus Salonu<\/p>\n

2-Heliodorus Salonu\u00a0(Stanza di Eliodoro)<\/p>\n

3-Segnatura Salonu\u00a0(\u0130mza Odas\u0131)<\/p>\n

4-Borgo\u2019da Yang\u0131n Odas\u0131<\/p>\n

Constantinus Salonu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kabul ve resmi t\u00f6renler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan odad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Oda ad\u0131n\u0131 ilk Hristiyan imparator olan, \u0130stanbul \u015fehrini kuran ve Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun temelini atan \u0130mparator B\u00fcy\u00fck Konstantin\u2019den almaktad\u0131r. Konstantin, selefi Maxentius\u2019u Roma yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Milvian k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde yenerek mutlak hakim olmu\u015f. \u0130ktidar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu odada Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecindeki olaylar tasvir edilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

Vision of Cross (Ha\u00e7 Vizyonu): Efsaneye g\u00f6re Konstantin M.S. 312 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maxentius ile sava\u015fmadan \u00f6nce g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir ha\u00e7 i\u015fareti ve ard\u0131ndan da \u0130sa\u2019y\u0131 r\u00fcyas\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ertesi g\u00fcn Roma yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Milvian k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde sonu\u00e7lanan sava\u015fta Konstantin Maxentius\u2019u ma\u011flup etmi\u015f, Roma\u2019ya yenik imparatorun kesik ba\u015f\u0131 ile girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Milvian K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Zaferi: Bu galibiyet ayn\u0131 zamanda paganizmin biti\u015fi, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Roma\u2019n\u0131n yeni dini olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Konstantin\u2019in Vaftizi: Papa Sylvester \u00f6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6kerek vaftiz edilmesini tasvir etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Roma’n\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131: Konstantin burada diz \u00e7\u00f6kerek Papa\u2019ya Roma \u015fehrini sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ah\u015fap tavanda Konstantin\u2019in pagan putlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n yerini Hristiyan sembollerinin almas\u0131 tasvir edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Heliodorus Salonu<\/strong>\u00a0(Stanza di Eliodoro)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Heliodoros’un Tap\u0131naktan at\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Bolsena’daki Ayin<\/p>\n

Papa B\u00fcy\u00fck Leo ve Atilla’n\u0131n Bulu\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Aziz Petrus’un Kurtulu\u015fu<\/p>\n

Segnatura Salonu (\u0130mza Odas\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oda Raphael taraf\u0131ndan 1508-1511 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ve Papa \u0130kinci Julius taraf\u0131ndan k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odas\u0131 yani ofis olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Odan\u0131n d\u00f6rt duvar\u0131nda be\u015feri bilimlerin d\u00f6rt dal\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eden freskler var: Felsefe, teoloji, \u015fiir, hukuk. Bu d\u00f6rt ilime ayn\u0131 oranda yer verilmesi -Orta \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n aksine- \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir kilise imaj\u0131 veriyor.<\/p>\n

Atina Okulu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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(Sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve eserlerini yazarken @sanatinoykusu ve @tarihlisanat, khan akademi sitelerinden faydaland\u0131m.)<\/p>\n

Odada yer alan Atina Okulu gerek Vatikan M\u00fczeleri\u2019nin gerekse R\u00f6nesans’\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sembollerinden birisidir.<\/p>\n

Atina Okulu, Rafael\u2019in antik sanata ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131na ne kadar \u00f6nem verdi\u011finin bir kan\u0131t\u0131 gibidir. Eserinde; R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan Klasik Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemine damga vuran bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131, felsefeci ve bilim adam\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00a0(Platon, Aristo, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo ve Bramante gibi)<\/p>\n

R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n temeli olan perspektif muhte\u015fem kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art arda s\u0131ralanan kemerler resme derinlik katar.<\/p>\n

(Resimdeki fig\u00fcrlere R\u00f6nesans sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczleri verilmi\u015f).<\/p>\n

Tablonun ortas\u0131nda iki b\u00fcy\u00fck filozof var. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc, y\u00fcz\u00fc Leonardo da Vinci olarak tasvir edilmi\u015f Platon (Eflatun). Yan\u0131nda mavi \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc, Platon’un \u00f6\u011frencisi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in gen\u00e7 olarak \u00e7izilmi\u015f Aristoteles. G\u00f6r\u00fcnemeyen, teorik olanla ilgilenen Platon yukar\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steren eli ile bilginin t\u00fcm kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6kleri g\u00f6sterirken (idealizm), g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, fiziksel ve ger\u00e7ek ile ilgilenen Aristo ise yere d\u00f6n\u00fck eli ile bilginin t\u00fcm kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir (realizm). Platon’un mor renkli giysisi g\u00f6k, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 ate\u015fe g\u00f6nderme. Aristo’nun mavi elbisesi su, kahverengi k\u0131s\u0131m topra\u011fa g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Solda Sokrates yozla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Atinal\u0131 gen\u00e7lerle konu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

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Genel olarak ideal olan nedir sorusu ile ilgilenenler solda Platon taraf\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Pisagor; m\u00fczi\u011fin ve matemati\u011fin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015f bir filozoftur. Kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta ise \u00fcnl\u00fc mimar Bramente’nin y\u00fcz\u00fc ile \u00e7izilmi\u015f \u00d6klid. O da geometri ile ilgileniyor.<\/p>\n

Soldaki ni\u015fin i\u00e7indeki heykel Apollo. G\u00fcne\u015f, m\u00fczik, \u015fiir tanr\u0131s\u0131. Sa\u011fdaki ni\u015fte ise Athena heykeli var.\u00a0 Sava\u015f ve bilgelik tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131.<\/p>\n

Eserde bilginin tarihsel geli\u015fimi m\u00fckemmel bir ahenkle anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n planda Heraklitos; Michelangelo’nun ta\u015f ustas\u0131 \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00e7izmelerini giymi\u015f mermer bir blo\u011fa yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. Heraklitos’a yaln\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli ki\u015fili\u011fi ile Michelangelo’nu y\u00fcz\u00fc verilmi\u015f. Rafael bu fig\u00fcrde Sistina \u015fapelinde bir peygamberi model alm\u0131\u015f ve Michalengelo’ya sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fda; g\u00f6kbilimcilerin oldu\u011fu bir grup var. Rafael kendini bu grup i\u00e7inde resmetmi\u015f ve Orta \u00e7a\u011fda ressaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 zanaat olarak g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 seviyede oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Beyazlar i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Hypathia ise y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131yla Papa 2. Julius\u2019un ye\u011fenine benzetilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011f tarafta Platon ve Aristo ile ayn\u0131 hizada ancak daha \u00f6n planda yer alan, koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elbisesi i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z duran Plotinus fig\u00fcr\u00fcnde ise R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n me\u015fhur heykelt\u0131ra\u015f\u0131 Donatello\u2019dan esinlenildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Resimde Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi isimle Averroes olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen (ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Pisagor’a do\u011fru uzatan) ki\u015fi; Me\u015f\u015fai felsefenin son temsilcisi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck filozoflar\u0131ndan biri olan \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd’d\u00fcr. Eserleri y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca Avrupa’da okutulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Bir\u00e7ok Bat\u0131l\u0131 bilgin \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Odada Atina Okulu’nun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki duvarda Disputa freski var.<\/p>\n

Disputa (Kutsal Ayin Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131):\u00a0<\/strong>Teolojiyi temsil eder.<\/p>\n

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Rafael resimde hem cenneti hem de d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kapsayan bir sahne betimlemi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Cennet kubbesi alt\u0131nda Baba Tanr\u0131 cennetin alt\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hepsinin \u00fczerinde oturur ve melekler taraf\u0131ndan tap\u0131l\u0131r. Sa\u011f eliyle kutsar ve sol eliyle d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tutar<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131nda t\u00fcm bedenini \u00e7evreleyen hare i\u00e7inde \u0130sa. Sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda Kutsal bakire Meryem ve Vaftizci Yahya. \u0130sa’n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvercin, kutsal ruhu simgeliyor.<\/p>\n

Bulutlar \u00fczerinde peygamberler ve azizler yer al\u0131yor. Musa elinde 10 emri tutuyor.<\/p>\n

Masan\u0131n \u00fczerinde k\u00fcre \u015feklinde, mucizevi \u015fekilde \u0130sa’n\u0131n bedenine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen ekmek; cennet ve d\u00fcnya aras\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Altta papalar, ba\u015f rahipler, kardinaller, kilise babalar\u0131 ve Orta \u00e7a\u011f \u015fairi Dante bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu olan ev sahibi, suna\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir canavar olarak g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/p>\n

Parnassus (\u015eiir duvar\u0131):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parnassus; Mitolojiye g\u00f6re Yunanistan’da 9 g\u00fczel sanat tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n meskeni olan da\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hukuk duvar\u0131: adalet simgeleniyor.<\/p>\n

Borgo\u2019da Yang\u0131n Odas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6nceleri yemek odas\u0131, sonradan m\u00fczik odas\u0131 olan salonda yer alan freskler 9. y\u00fczy\u0131l Papalar\u0131 III. ve IV. Leo\u2019nun hayatlar\u0131ndan kesitler i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

Borgo’daki Yang\u0131n: Oda\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Borgo\u2019daki Yang\u0131n eseri, Papa 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Leo zaman\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n\u0131n mucize ile kontrol edilerek s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olay\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Freskin \u00fcst sol taraf\u0131nda bir annenin \u00e7ocu\u011funu kurtarmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya uzat\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6n solda gen\u00e7 bir adam\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131, yan\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011funu kurtar\u0131\u015f\u0131 etkileyici kompozisyonlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Charlemagne’in Ta\u00e7 Giyme T\u00f6reni: 800 y\u0131l\u0131nda Noel gecesi Aziz Petrus bazilikas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen t\u00f6ren resmi, Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun temelini olu\u015fturan olay\u0131 tasvir etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ostia Sava\u015f\u0131: Papal\u0131k ordular\u0131n\u0131n Ostia\u2019da kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferi tasvir eder.<\/p>\n

III. Leo’nun Yemini<\/p>\n

Sarmal Merdiven (Simonett Merdivenleri)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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M\u00fczelerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yaparken ge\u00e7ilen, Guiseppe Momo taraf\u0131ndan 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sarmal rampad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vatikan M\u00fczeleri Pazartesi ve Cumartesi g\u00fcnleri aras\u0131nda her g\u00fcn 09:00\u201318:00 aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k. Ancak en ge\u00e7 giri\u015f saati 16:00!<\/p>\n

2- Sant Angelo Kalesi (Aziz Melek Kalesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kale, M.S. 139 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatoru Hadrianus ve ailesinin mozolesi olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u0130mparator Aurelianus 271 y\u0131l\u0131nda bunu \u015fehir duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Papa B\u00fcy\u00fck Gregorius, 590\u2019da veban\u0131n sona erece\u011fini m\u00fcjdeleyen Ba\u015f Melek\u00a0 Mikail\u2019i r\u00fcyas\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, hem mele\u011fin bronz heykelini yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f hem de kalenin ad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

San Pietro Kilisesi ile aralar\u0131nda yeralt\u0131 ge\u00e7itleri bulunur. Vatikan Koridoru<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm Vatikan Saray\u0131\u2019ndan kaleye kadar uzan\u0131yor. 1227 y\u0131l\u0131nda, papan\u0131n tehlike an\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f g\u00fczergah\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Fresklerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc papal\u0131k daireleri ile Etr\u00fcskler\u2019e kadar uzanan silah ve z\u0131rh m\u00fczesi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in o\u011flu Cem Sultan da bir m\u00fcddet burada esir olarak tutulmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Ponte Sant Angelo (Hadrian K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kalenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde\u00a0 yer al\u0131yor. Hadrian K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, Roma\u2019da bulunan en g\u00fczel k\u00f6pr\u00fcler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u00dczerinde 12 tane melek heykeli var.<\/p>\n

Sant Angelo kalesi i\u00e7in imparator Hadrian taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00f6pr\u00fc Hadrian mozolesi ile kentin di\u011fer taraf\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirilmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131\u2019na gitmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu kadar a\u011f\u0131r, sanatsal bilgilerden sonra hafif bir bilgi \ud83d\ude42 Bak\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fmeden su nas\u0131l i\u00e7iliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3- Nuova Meydan\u0131 (Yeni Meydan)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ressam, m\u00fczisyen ve g\u00f6steri yapan sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hareketli bir meydan. Meydanda Caravaggio, Rubens, Bernini ve Borromini gibi ustalar\u0131n eserleri bulunuyor. Meydan ve \u00e7evresi, tarihi yap\u0131lar, saray, kiliseler, restoran ve kafelerle \u00e7evrili.<\/p>\n

Meydan yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 30 bin ki\u015fi kapasiteli bir stadyum olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Meydan\u0131 \u00e7eviren binalar\u0131n yerinde de trib\u00fcnler varm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0\u0130mparator Domitian<\/strong>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ve ad\u0131 da\u00a0Domitian Stadyumu<\/strong> olan bu spor kompleksinde ko\u015fu ve atletizm yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Stadyum zamanla y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve buras\u0131 bir meydan olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Bunda \u00f6zellikle 16-18. y\u00fczy\u0131l papalar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle X. \u0130nnocent’in etkisi olmu\u015f. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc papalar Vatikan’a \u00e7\u0131kan yollar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesine \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdikleri i\u00e7in Navona Meydan\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindeki yap\u0131la\u015fmaya s\u0131k s\u0131k m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Moro \u00c7e\u015fmesi (Fontana del Moro):\u00a0<\/strong>Meydan\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunur.\u00a01655 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bernini’nin tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 havuzun ortas\u0131nda bir heykel bir yunusu\u00a0 bo\u011fuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Palazzo Pamphili:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Brezilya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi olarak kullan\u0131lan\u00a0Palazzo Pamphili<\/strong> Navona Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fczel binalardand\u0131r. Papa X. Innocent’in (Giovanni Batista Pamphili) ailesi bir d\u00f6nem burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(Moro \u00c7e\u015fmesi’nin arkas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bina)<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt Nehir \u00c7e\u015fmesi (Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi):\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Bernini\u2019nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc eserlerinden olan 1651 tarihli \u00e7e\u015fmesi, d\u00f6rt nehrin tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 simgeleyen heykellerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f. Elinde k\u00fcrekle Asya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden Ganj (Asya), Katolik Hristiyanlara en yak\u0131n nehir olan Tuna (Avrupa), Rio de la Plata (Amerika) ve ba\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olan Afrika\u2019y\u0131 temsil eden Nil. Ortas\u0131nda da bir Roma obeliski bulunuyor. \u00dczerinde de bir g\u00fcvercin.<\/p>\n

(Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar filminde suyu temsil eden \u00e7e\u015fmedir.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"Bernini’nin \u015faheseri ve biz.<\/p>\n

Sant Agnese Kilisesi:\u00a0<\/strong>Papa X. \u0130nnocent kiliseyi yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Borromini\u2019yi g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f ancak yap\u0131y\u0131 rakibi Bernini tamamlam\u0131\u015f. Beyaz d\u0131\u015f cephesi, kule ve kubbeleri ile meydandaki bence en g\u00fczel tarihi yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(D\u00f6rt Nehir \u00c7e\u015fmesi arkas\u0131nda bulunuyor.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nept\u00fcn \u00c7e\u015fmesi:\u00a0<\/strong>Meydan\u0131n kuzey taraf\u0131nda bulunur.\u00a0Nept\u00fcn bir ahtapotla m\u00fccadele ediyor. \u00c7evrede melek ve deniz atlar\u0131 ile su perileri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4- Pasquino Heykeli<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde siyasi liderlere ve papalara halk taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftiri getirmek zor oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Romal\u0131lar ilgin\u00e7 bir y\u00f6ntem bulmu\u015flar. “Konu\u015fan Heykeller” denilen baz\u0131 heykellerin boyunlar\u0131na, \u015fikayet ve dileklerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu plakalar takarak seslerini siyasilere duyurmak gibi. Pasquino ise bu konu\u015fan heykellerden en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc. Pasquino; kelime anlam\u0131 olarak bir \u00e7e\u015fit hiciv demektir.<\/p>\n

1501 y\u0131l\u0131nda Navona Meydan\u0131\u2019na getirilen, y\u00fcz\u00fc ve kollar\u0131 olmayan heykel boynuna as\u0131l\u0131 plakalara yaz\u0131lan ironik \u015fiirler ve \u015fikayetlerle uzun s\u00fcre boyunca Roma halk\u0131n\u0131n sesi olmu\u015f.\u00a0Nuova Meydan\u0131\u2019na yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 metre mesafededir.<\/p>\n

5- Campo de Fiori (\u00c7i\u00e7ek Tarlas\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tiber Nehri ile Navona Meydan\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan alan, ad\u0131n\u0131 Orta \u00e7a\u011fda bir \u00e7ay\u0131r olmas\u0131ndan almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Burada 1869\u2019dan beri haftan\u0131n alt\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc sokak pazar\u0131 kuruluyormu\u015f. \u00c7evresinde kafe, bar ve restoranlar da mevcut.<\/p>\n

Meydan\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen heykel ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri nedeniyle 1600\u2019de burada yak\u0131larak idam edilen \u0130talyan Filozof Giordano Bruno<\/strong>\u00a0an\u0131s\u0131na 1889 y\u0131l\u0131nda dikilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Buras\u0131 etraf\u0131nda kilise olmayan tek meydanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

6- Pantheon<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Antik Roma d\u00f6neminden kalan ve \u00e7ok iyi korunmu\u015f bir tap\u0131nak. Mutlak g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve ilahi adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembol yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri. D\u00f6neminin en teknolojik mimari yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Matematik, mimari, m\u00fchendislik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ve sanat kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckemmellik mertebesine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk \u00f6nce M.\u00d6. 27 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir pagan mabeti olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Bu mabet y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca \u0130mparator Hadrianus, MS 118-125 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pagan Roma tanr\u0131lar\u0131na adanan ve halen ayakta olan Pantheon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 in\u015fa ettirmi\u015f. \u00a0Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f amac\u0131 Augustus\u2019un arkada\u015f\u0131 ve komutan\u0131 Marcus Agrippa\u2019n\u0131n M.S. 80 y\u0131l\u0131nda yanan Pantheon\u2019unun yerine ge\u00e7mektir. Roma\u2019n\u0131n en ihti\u015faml\u0131 bir d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Hadrianus, Antik Roma mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kudretli yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmesiyle \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u015ean\u0131n\u0131 ve kudretini geni\u015f co\u011frafyalara yaymak ad\u0131na devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte hamamlar, amfi tiyatrolar, zafer taklar\u0131 ve mabetler yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pantheon ise Hadrianus\u2019un bu h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131n dini yap\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nceki tap\u0131naklar genelde bir tanr\u0131 veya tanr\u0131\u00e7aya atfen yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Antik Yunan\u2019daki Parthenon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 veya Zeus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 gibi. Fakat Pantheon, Roma\u2019da inan\u0131lan t\u00fcm tanr\u0131lara atfedilerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Yunan dilinde Pan(T\u00fcm) ve theon(tanr\u0131), \u201cT\u00fcm Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. B\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir onur i\u00e7in s\u0131radan bir mabed in\u015fa edilmemeliydi. O g\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan en ihti\u015faml\u0131 tap\u0131nak olan Pantheon, yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcr\u00fc teknolojik yenilik bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Romal\u0131lar, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ettikten sonra baz\u0131 eski tap\u0131naklar kiliseye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Pantheon da bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Santa Maria Rotonda ismiyle nasibini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu fonksiyon de\u011fi\u015fimi sebebiyle \u00fc\u00e7gen al\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her iki yan\u0131na birer \u00e7an kulesi eklenmi\u015ftir. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu kuleler yap\u0131da bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Yine eski pagan mabetinin i\u00e7erisinde pagan tanr\u0131 heykelleri varken, kilise taraf\u0131ndan bu heykeller yok edilmi\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antik Yunanistan’\u0131n pagan tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndan ilham alan Roma’daki Pantheon, dairesel plan\u0131yla d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bilinmesine ra\u011fmen, binan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, korint tarz\u0131 s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 3 s\u0131ra arka arkaya dizilmi\u015f olan yivsiz korint s\u00fctunlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fctunlar M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n do\u011fusundaki bir Roma ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131 olan Mons Claudianus’ta oyulmu\u015f. Oradan bulundu\u011fu yere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 hayal etmek bile zor.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda Latince olarak Marcus Agrippa\u2019ya ithaf edilen bir yaz\u0131 bulunur. Yaz\u0131da \u201cM. Agrippa, yani Lucius\u2019un o\u011flu, \u00fc\u00e7 kez kons\u00fcl oldu\u011funda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d yazmakta.<\/p>\n

Antik Roma’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en eski \u00f6rneklerinden olan kap\u0131s\u0131; yakla\u015f\u0131k 7,50 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 4,90 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde. Bir ba\u015fka ilgin\u00e7 detay da bu giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, kubbenin me\u015fhur oculusunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra an\u0131t\u0131n i\u00e7indeki tek do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131!<\/p>\n

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Pantheon\u2019un en \u00f6nemli mimari eleman\u0131 olan 43,3 metre \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki devasa kubbesinin ta\u015f\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in Romal\u0131lar, ustal\u0131kla kulland\u0131klar\u0131 betonu \u00f6zel bir teknik e\u015fli\u011finde uygulam\u0131\u015f. Buna g\u00f6re kubbenin en \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a betonun i\u00e7eri\u011findeki agrega hafiflemektedir. B\u00f6ylece Oculus\u2019e yak\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131mda kubbenin temel malzemesi olan betonun birim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede olmu\u015f. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n 55,6 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki kubbesi in\u015fa edilene dek en y\u00fcksek kubbe Pantheon\u2019a aitmi\u015f.\u00a0Pantheon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, kubbesi beton ile in\u015fa edilen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar korunabilen en eski Roma yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kadar uzun s\u00fcre sa\u011flam kalmas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeni tarih boyunca s\u00fcrekli kullan\u0131mda olup tadilat ve restorasyonlar ge\u00e7irmesidir.<\/p>\n

Pantheon tarihte en \u00e7ok taklit edilen, \u00f6zenilen ve referans al\u0131nan mimari yap\u0131lardan biri olmu\u015f. Virginia \u00dcniversitesi Thomas Jefferson K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Washington Ulusal Sanat Galerisi ve Villa Rotunda gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n kubbeleri Pantheon\u2019dan esinlenilerek tasarlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de ku\u015fkusuz kubbenin tam ortas\u0131ndaki Oculus ad\u0131ndaki deliktir. Bu tavan deli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 metre \u00e7ap\u0131ndad\u0131r ve i\u00e7eriye \u0131\u015f\u0131k girmesini sa\u011flayan tek noktad\u0131r. Ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, zemine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f 22 delikten su tahliye edilir. Ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 oculus’tan girdi\u011finde Pantheon, zaman\u0131n g\u00f6lge yerine \u0131\u015f\u0131kla i\u015faretlendi\u011fi ters bir g\u00fcne\u015f saatine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

(Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar’da filmin kahramanlar\u0131 \u00f6nce \u015feytan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc oculus zannederler. Hem de Rafeal’in mezar\u0131na bakarlar. Ama olaylar onlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 yerlere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.)<\/p>\n

Kubbenin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi, g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc kare desenlere sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Pantheon ayn\u0131 zamanda krallar, ressamlar ve mimarlar\u0131n mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir yerdir.<\/p>\n

Buray\u0131 son dinlenme yeri olarak ilk se\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck usta Raphael’e yak\u0131n olmak isteyen \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kendine \u00e7eken bir yer. \u0130talyan kraliyet ailesinin mabedi haline gelmi\u015f bir yer.<\/p>\n

Mimar Baldassare Peruzzi, besteci Arcangelo Corelli, \u0130talya’n\u0131n ilk kral\u0131 Victor Emmanuel II, ikinci kral\u0131 Umberto I ve e\u015fi Savoy Krali\u00e7esi Margherita’n\u0131n mezarlar\u0131 da burada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Roma’daki Pantheon, kitleler ve di\u011fer dini t\u00f6renler d\u00fczenleyerek bir Katolik kilisesi olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Kral Vittorio Emanuel II’nin Mezar\u0131<\/strong>; Manfredo Manfredi’nin bir \u00e7izimine dayanarak 1888’de tasarlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Mezar (1888), \u00fczerinde bir Roma kartal\u0131 ve Savoylar\u0131n hanedan sembollerinin bulundu\u011fu bronz bir levhadan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00edttorio Emanuel II, Sardunya’n\u0131n son Kral\u0131 (1849-1861) ve \u0130talya’n\u0131n ilk Kral\u0131 (1861-1878) idi. Bu nedenle \u0130talyanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cPadre della Patria\u201d (veya \u201cVatan’\u0131n Babas\u0131\u201d) olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rafael’in Mezar\u0131;<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mihrab\u0131n solundaki \u015fapelde R\u00f6nesans ustas\u0131 Raffaello bir Roma lahdinde g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frencisi Lorenzetto’nun 1523-24’te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir heykel olan \u201cLa Madonna del Sasso\u201d taraf\u0131ndan korunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pantheon’da (S. Maria ad Martyres Kilisesi);<\/i> Pentekost<\/strong> denilen bir bayram kutlan\u0131yormu\u015f. Kutsal Ruh’un Madonna’ya ini\u015fini ve Paskalya’dan 50 g\u00fcn sonra toplanan Havarileri anan H\u0131ristiyan bayram\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihte itfaiyeciler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile oculustan Pantheon’un i\u00e7ine ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki meydana 2.000 uzun sapl\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcl ve 7 milyon g\u00fcl yapra\u011f\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcl yapraklar\u0131, \u0130sa’n\u0131n kan damlalar\u0131n\u0131 ve bilgeli\u011fin ate\u015fli dillerini sembolize eder.<\/p>\n

T\u00f6ren ayini; Aramice (\u0130sa’n\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil) s\u00f6ylenip, okunuyor ve farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenlerden 12 \u00e7ocuk t\u00f6rene kat\u0131lanlara g\u00fcl veriyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce erken H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan eski t\u00f6ren, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Pantheon\u2019un \u00f6n\u00fcndeki meydanda yer alan \u2018Fontana del Pantheon\u2019 (Pantheon \u00e7e\u015fmesi) \u00fczerinde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan getirilen II. Ramses\u2019in dikilita\u015f\u0131 (obelisk) bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Meydan her daim kalabal\u0131k ve \u015fenlikli.<\/p>\n

7- Vittorio Emanuele II Abidesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kentin en g\u00f6steri\u015fli yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan birisi olan an\u0131t; Venezia meydan\u0131 ve Capitol Tepesi aras\u0131nda konumlan\u0131yor. Abide 1885-1911 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Giuseppe Sacconi taraf\u0131ndan Birle\u015fmi\u015f \u0130talya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ilk kral\u0131 II. Vittorio Emanuele’i onurland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l ad\u0131\u00a0Altare della Patria<\/strong>\u00a0olan an\u0131t\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fta III. Paul Kulesi olmak \u00fczere civardaki pek \u00e7ok bina y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tasar\u0131m\u0131nda Neo-Klasik stilin tercih edildi\u011fi yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n iki yan\u0131nda \u201cMah\u015ferin D\u00f6rt Atl\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f iki heykel grubu bulunuyor. Soldaki atl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130talya’y\u0131, sa\u011fdakilerin Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\n

8- Palatino Tepesi ve Forum<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kentin en eski b\u00f6lgesi olarak an\u0131lan\u00a0Palatino Tepesi<\/strong>, Forum\u2019un sadece 40 metre kadar yukar\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Roma Mitolojisi\u2019ne g\u00f6re imparatorlu\u011fun kurucusu ikiz karde\u015fler\u00a0Romulus ve Remus<\/strong>, bir di\u015fi kurt taraf\u0131ndan bu tepedeki bir ma\u011farada b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n

Arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda efsanenin do\u011fru olabilece\u011fini destekleyen M.\u00d6. 9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma kul\u00fcbe kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ke\u015ffedilince, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentinin temellerinin bu tepede at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tepede \u0130mparator Augustus<\/strong>\u2019un ve e\u015fi\u00a0Livia<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n evleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Kybele Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Flavia Saray\u0131, Farnese Bah\u00e7eleri, Hipodrom gibi \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Roma Forumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Antik Roma’n\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi merkez b\u00f6lgedir.<\/p>\n

Roma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bir \u015fehrin nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nelere ihtiya\u00e7 duyup hangi binalar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi nedeniyle kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00fcnl\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trajan S\u00fctunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130mparator Traianus; Sava\u015fta Dacial\u0131lar’a kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferini kutlamak i\u00e7in ortas\u0131nda\u00a0 bu s\u00fctunun oldu\u011fu bir forum yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Burada bir meydan, iki k\u00fct\u00fcphane, resmi binalar ve tap\u0131nak da bulunuyormu\u015f. S\u00fctun 113 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirilmi\u015f. S\u00fctunun \u00fcst\u00fcnde Traianus’un bronz bir heykeli dikilmi\u015f. Ancak daha sonra R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde bir papa yap\u0131y\u0131 kutsamak i\u00e7in Traianus’un heykelinin yerine Aziz Petrus’un bir heykelini koydurmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

S\u00fctundaki s\u00fcslemelerde 155 sahnede 2600 civar\u0131nda sahne betimlenmi\u015f. Arkeologlar; Roma ordusunun \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131, silahlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in bu betimlemeleri incelemi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

9- Colosium (Flavianus Amfitiyatro)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc komutan Vespasianus taraf\u0131ndan M.S. 72 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve M.S. 80 y\u0131l\u0131nda Titus d\u00f6neminde tamamlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/sup><\/p>\n

80.000 seyirciyi a\u011f\u0131rlayabilecek kapasitededir.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparatorlar burada Roma halk\u0131n\u0131 e\u011flendirmek i\u00e7in ve biraz da kendi e\u011flenceleri i\u00e7in gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlerdi. Bunlardan ba\u015fka hayvan avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, infazlar, me\u015fhur sava\u015flar\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, klasik mitolojiye dayanan dramalar yap\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Daha kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015fken ilk Hristiyanlar\u0131n a\u00e7 hayvanlara yem edildi\u011fini de unutmamak gerekir. Daha sonra bar\u0131nma yeri, i\u015f yeri, dini k\u0131\u015flalar, ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131, Hristiyan t\u00fcrbesi olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Temmuz 2007 tarihinde, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yeni Yedi Harikas\u0131’ndan biri se\u00e7ilmi\u015f.\u00a0<\/sup>Paskalya \u00f6ncesi Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Papa burada fener alay\u0131 d\u00fczenliyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Hem bir soluklanmak hem de bir\u015feyler at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in Collosium’un tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki @caffe oppio ‘u \u00f6neririm.<\/p>\n

10- Trevi \u00c7e\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Poli Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011finde yer al\u0131r. Bir \u00e7e\u015fme olarak de\u011fi\u015fik ve g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fmenin oldu\u011fu meydana \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fc\u00e7 yol vard\u0131r ve Trevi \u0130talyanca\u2019da \u00fc\u00e7 yol anlam\u0131na gelir. Bizde ise A\u015fk \u00c7e\u015fmesi olarak biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Ana temas\u0131 deniz olan \u00e7e\u015fmenin yap\u0131m\u0131na Papa XII. Clement\u2019in iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda 1732\u2019de Heykelt\u0131ra\u015f Nicola Salvi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7ok say\u0131da sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle 30 y\u0131lda tamamlanabilen yap\u0131t\u0131n orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda Roma su ve deniz tanr\u0131s\u0131 Nept\u00fcn bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcnde denizin hallerini canland\u0131ran birisi asi di\u011feri uysal iki at\u0131 tutan iki deniz ula\u011f\u0131 var. Nept\u00fcn’\u00fcn sa\u011f\u0131nda bereket, solunda ise sa\u011fl\u0131k tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n

Bereket tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 hayatt\u0131r. Ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n dibinde devrilmi\u015f bir vazo var. Elinde i\u00e7i dolu bir sepet var.<\/p>\n

Onun \u00fczerindeki kabartma, Agrippa’n\u0131n generallerine su kemerini in\u015fa etmelerini emretmesini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00a0 heykeli defne \u00e7elengi ile ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir y\u0131lan\u0131n i\u00e7ti\u011fi kaseyi tutar. Y\u0131lan sa\u011fl\u0131k sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00dczerindeki kabartma, askerlere suyun kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren Bakire bir kad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda 4 s\u00fctun \u00fczerinde d\u00f6rt kad\u0131n heykeli d\u00f6rt mevsimi temsil ediyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Rivayet odur ki; Sava\u015ftan yorgun d\u00fc\u015fen kral ve askerleri susuzluktan \u00f6lmek \u00fczerelerdir. Tam bu s\u0131rada kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na bir \u00e7e\u015fme \u00e7\u0131kar ve hayatlar\u0131 kurtulur. \u0130\u015fte o \u00e7e\u015fme; Fontana di Trevi\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki havuza para atmak gelenekselmi\u015f bir harekettir. Para atanlar\u0131n Roma\u2019ya tekrar gelece\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lk geldi\u011fimde tabii hi\u00e7 inanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ama 4. keredir geliyorum. \u00c7ok da \u00f6n yarg\u0131l\u0131 olmamak laz\u0131m:)<\/p>\n

11- \u0130spanyol Merdivenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merdivenler, 1723-1726 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Francesco De Sanctis taraf\u0131ndan Kral XV. Louis i\u00e7in in\u015fa ettirilmi\u015f.\u00a0Meydan\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan\u00a0Trinita dei Monti Kilisesi\u2019ne rahat\u00e7a ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcnde de bir M\u0131s\u0131r dikilita\u015f\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Roma’da 13 tane dikilita\u015f varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A\u015fk \u00c7e\u015fmesi\u2019ne y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek 10 dakika uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r. \u00d6n\u00fcnde bulunan meydan ile birlikte ad\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u0130spanyol El\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019nden alm\u0131\u015f meydan bir bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131 konumunda.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yine merdivenlerin tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kentin en \u00f6nemli al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f caddelerinden birisi say\u0131lan Via Condotti<\/strong>, alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise kay\u0131k \u015feklinde tasar\u0131ma sahip\u00a0Fontana della Barcaccia (Eski Gemi \u00c7e\u015fmesi, Gondol \u00c7e\u015fmesi) <\/strong>yer al\u0131yor. Bernini taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

12- Piazza del Popolo (Halk Meydan\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Roma’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan\u0131 \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. 1811-1822 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tasarlanan neo-klasik meydan\u0131n orijinal i\u015flevi, Roma’ya\u00a0kuzeyden Via Flaminia \u00fczerinden giren ziyaret\u00e7ileri ve hac\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Meydan\u0131n kuzeyinde bulunan ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 kap\u0131 (eski ad\u0131 Porta Flaminia), imparatorluk d\u00f6neminde \u015fehrin ana giri\u015fi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tasar\u0131m\u0131 Bernini’ye ait eserlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

Meydan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda 36 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki M\u0131s\u0131r Dikilita\u015f\u0131 bulunur. M.\u00d6. 1300’den kalma dikilita\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r’dan getirilmi\u015f. \u015eu andaki yerine 1589’da dikilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

13- Santa Maria Delle Poppolo Kilisesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eehir kap\u0131s\u0131dan meydana girildi\u011finde solda \u00fcnl\u00fc Santa Maria del Popolo Bazilikas\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n

Kilise bir merdivenin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselir. Ama\u00e7; binay\u0131 Tiber Nehri’nin tekrarlayan ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131ndan korumakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kilisenin en \u00e7ekici \u00f6zelliklerinden biri arkas\u0131ndaki mistik tarihtir. Efsaneye g\u00f6re M.S. 68 y\u0131l\u0131nda intihar eden \u0130mparator Neron, o d\u00f6nem bu b\u00f6lgede bulunan ormanda, bir ceviz a\u011fac\u0131 alt\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu olaydan sonra bu b\u00f6lge lanetli bir hal al\u0131r. Halk Neron’un hayaletini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler. Paschal II\u2019nin papal\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde (yakla\u015f\u0131k 1100’l\u00fc y\u0131llar) Nero\u2019nun cesedi buradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak yak\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fclleri Tiber Nehri\u2019ne at\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6lgedeki u\u011fursuzluk bu \u015fekilde son bulur. Mezar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alana da bu kilise yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1472 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa IV. Sixtus della Rovere taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir erken R\u00f6nesans kilisesidir. Kilise 1505\u2019te Bramante taraf\u0131ndan geni\u015fletildi ve daha sonra Bernini taraf\u0131ndan restore edildi.<\/p>\n

\u015eehre giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir zamanlar gezginler taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k ziyaret edilen bir kiliseymi\u015f. Bu gezginlerden biri de Goethe\u2019dir. \u0130talya notlar\u0131nda, Porta del Popolo\u2019 dan ge\u00e7ip Popolo Meydan\u0131\u2019na gelene kadar Roma\u2019ya gelebilece\u011fine inanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Buraya \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir evde konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu ev, Goethe Evi olarak bilinir.<\/p>\n

Kilise sadece mimarisi ile de\u011fil Raphael, Bernini, Pinturicchio ve Caravaggio gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130talyan sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u015faheserleriyle dolu bir m\u00fcze gibidir.<\/p>\n

Santa Maria del Popolo\u2019da bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc ailenin \u015fapeli vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Della Rovere \u015eapeli\u2019nde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel Pinturicchio freskleri bulunur.<\/p>\n

Cerasi \u015eapeli\u2019nde ise Caravaggio\u2019nun \u201cAziz Paulus\u2019un Dine D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0ve \u201cAziz Petrus\u2019un \u00c7arm\u0131ha Gerili\u015fi\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0ad\u0131ndaki iki ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

Raffaello\u2019nun hamisi banker Chigi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Chigi \u015eapeli ise en dikkat \u00e7eken b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar\u2019da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en bu kilisede izler oyuncular\u0131 Chigi \u015fapeline getirir.<\/p>\n

Chigi ailesi Roma’n\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc ailelerden biri. Aile tarihinde bir de papa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f; as\u0131l ad\u0131 Fabio Chigi olan Papa VII. Alexander. Aile \u015fapeli, bu ailenin finanse etmesiyle Rafael taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Ancak Rafael \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Bernini taraf\u0131ndan tamamlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fapelde \u0130lluminati\u2019ye ait izler mevcut. Pagan sembolleri, elipsler, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve \u015fapelin iki taraf\u0131nda 3 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde iki adet mermer piramit. Bu; Agostino Chigi\u2019nin mezar\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eapelin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sembol var. Kalkan tutan kanatl\u0131 bir iskelet. Kalkanda ailenin armas\u0131 bulunuyor.\u00a0 Aileye ait cesetlerin kemiklerinin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, \u015feytan g\u00f6z\u00fc denen yerdir.<\/p>\n

Piramidin solunda Bernini taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cHabakuk ve Melek\u201d isimli heykel bulunuyor. (Filmde topra\u011f\u0131 simgeliyor). Habakkuk bir y\u00f6n\u00fc, melek ise ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. Filmde mele\u011fin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi y\u00f6ne gidiliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130kiz Kiliseler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meydandaki g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131lardan biri soldaki Santa Maria in Montesanto ve sa\u011fdaki Santa Maria dei Miracoli kilisesidir. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Via del Corso<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cadde, kentin tarihi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki Porta del Popolo\u2019dan Capitoline Tepesi\u2019nin ete\u011finde yer alan Piazza Venezia\u2019ya kadar uzan\u0131yor. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren kentin en \u00f6nemli al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden birisi haline gelmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

14- Santa Maria Maggiore Bazilikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve etkileyici bir yap\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Tasar\u0131m\u0131nda farkl\u0131 mimari tarzlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla harmanland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bazilika, ilk olarak eski bir Pagan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yerine Papa\u00a0III. Sixtus<\/strong>\u2019un emriyle 431’de Efes Konsili’nden hemen sonra 432’de kurulmu\u015f. Roma’daki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck Meryem kilisesidir.<\/p>\n

Efsaneye g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bazilikan\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131na 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda r\u00fcyas\u0131nda Meryem Ana\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6ren Papa Liberius\u2019un direktifleri do\u011frultusunda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Kilise i\u00e7inde pagan inanc\u0131 ve sanat\u0131ndan Hristiyan inanc\u0131 ve sanat\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

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Nefi ve nef mozaikleri ilk kiliseden miras kalm\u0131\u015f. Yani 5. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan.<\/p>\n

Kilisedeki en eski \u00f6\u011fe \u00e7ok defa restore edilmi\u015f olan apsis. \u00dcst taraf\u0131nda Hz. Meryem’in ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 resmedilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Bernini’nin (1598-1680) mezar\u0131 da bu kilisede bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

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Her y\u0131l 5 A\u011fustos tarihinde kent sakinlerinin kurulu\u015funu kutlad\u0131klar\u0131 dini yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n taraf\u0131nda, hac\u0131lara yol g\u00f6steren Piazza dell\u2019Esquilino Dikilita\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

15- Borghese Galerisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 isimli bah\u00e7elerin i\u00e7inde bulunan galeri, Papa V. Paul\u2019\u00fcn ye\u011feni Kardinal Scipione Borghese taraf\u0131ndan toplanmaya ba\u015flanan geni\u015f bir koleksiyonunun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu 15. ila 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda \u00fcretilmi\u015f tablolardan, heykellerden, antikalardan olu\u015fan bu koleksiyonda Tiziano, Rubens, Botticelli, Bernini ve Caravaggio\u2019nun de\u011ferli eserleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

16- Basilica of St. John Lateran (St. John Lateran Bazilikas\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en eski kilisesi olarak bilinen basilika, M.\u00d6. 193 y\u0131l\u0131nda Septimus Severus taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen bir kalenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine Roma Piskoposu I. Constantine\u2019in emriyle M.S. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurulmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bazilika, 1870 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar papal\u0131\u011fa se\u00e7ilen din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tahta ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 yermi\u015f. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise dini yap\u0131, papan\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi Kutsal Per\u015fembe kutlamalar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Roma\u2019n\u0131n 4 b\u00fcy\u00fck bazilikas\u0131ndan birisi olan yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda her biri ayr\u0131 g\u00fczellikte pek \u00e7ok heykel, mozaik ve fresk bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

17- Santa Maria della Vittoria<\/strong><\/p>\n

Musa \u00c7e\u015fmesi ve di\u011fer k\u00f6\u015fede Santa Maria della Vittoria Kilisesi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cornaro \u015eapeli\u2019nde Bernini\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 \u201cAzize Teresa\u2019n\u0131n Vecdi\u201d bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Azize Teresa’n\u0131n uykusunda bir melek taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edildi\u011fi ve mele\u011fin ona m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131 anlat\u0131yor. Bernini’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu heykel fazla cinsel i\u00e7erikli bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Vatikan’da istenmemi\u015f ve Bernini’nin \u00f6nerisi ile bu kiliseye getirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

(Dan Brown’un Melekler ve \u015eeytanlar kitab\u0131nda Ate\u015f’i temsil ediyor.)<\/p>\n

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Musa \u00e7e\u015fmesi (Fontana dell’Acqua Felice)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/span>n\u0131tsal bir \u00e7e\u015fmedir. S<\/span>u kemerinin sonunu i\u015faret ediyormu\u015f. Domenico Fontana taraf\u0131ndan 1585-88’de eski bir Roma zafer tak\u0131 \u015feklinde <\/span>yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Antik Roma \u00e7e\u015fmelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, papal\u0131k armas\u0131n\u0131 tutan meleklerin alt\u0131nda kurucusu Papa Sixtus’u onurland\u0131ran bir yaz\u0131t varm\u0131\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

18- San Pietro in Vincoli Kilisesi (Zincirlenmi\u015f Sen Piyer Kilisesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Michelangelo’nun muhte\u015fem Musa Heykeli (1516) ile\u00a0San Pietro’nun kutsal emaneti olan Kud\u00fcs’teki zindanda ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zincirler (Vincoli) bu bazilikadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Musa’n\u0131n H\u00fckm\u00fc heykeli, II. Julius’un mezar\u0131n\u0131n merkezindeki ana heykeldir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir\u00a0 boyutta ve oturan adam \u015feklinde tasarlanan heykelin sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda, d\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fck canl\u0131 bir ya\u015famla i\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temsil eden Lea ve Rahel heykelleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Musa tanr\u0131sal on emri halk\u0131na bildirmek i\u00e7in Sina Da\u011f\u0131’na \u00e7\u0131kar ve orada k\u0131rk g\u00fcn k\u0131rk gece bekler. \u015eehre d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde halk\u0131n\u0131n, alt\u0131ndan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir buza\u011f\u0131 heykeline tapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu, onda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k ve hiddet yarat\u0131r. Michelangelo’nun Musa’s\u0131 bu an\u0131 tasvir eder. Peygamber \u00f6fkeli, fakat hen\u00fcz kendisine hakim g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ba\u015f\u0131 sola \u00e7evrili, \u00fczerinde on emrin yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulundu\u011fu levha koltu\u011funun alt\u0131nda, sa\u011f eli asabi bir hareketle sakal\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Davud heykelinde oldu\u011fu gibi, burada da zapt olunan hareket veya biraz sonra harekete ge\u00e7ecek olan s\u00fckunet ifade edilir.<\/p>\n

Heykelde \u0131\u015f\u0131k-g\u00f6lge oyunlar\u0131 ustal\u0131kla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Hz. Musa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda iki boynuz bulunmakta. Bu boynuzlar R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan \u00e7eviri azizli\u011finden kaynaklanmakta. Bu y\u00fczden \u0130talyanlar’\u0131n, Traduttari veya Tradittori (\u00e7evirmen haindir) diye \u00f6zl\u00fc s\u00f6zleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130branice’de \u201ckeren\u201d kelimesi\u00a0 \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131mas\u0131 ve boynuz anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Tevrat\u2019\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7eviren ki\u015fi; Hz. Musa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0131\u015f\u0131k yerine, Hz. Musa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki boynuz diye \u00e7evirmi\u015f. Bu hata uzunca bir s\u00fcre bu \u015fekilde devam etmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Michelangelo Musa heykelini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra heykele \u201ckonu\u015f\u201d dedi\u011fi ve bir iki ad\u0131m geriye giderek elindeki \u00e7ekici f\u0131rlat\u0131p \u201ckalk gidelim\u201d dedi\u011fi heykelidir.<\/p>\n

19- Trastevere<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arnavut kald\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 dar sokaklar\u0131, sarma\u015f\u0131klarla ve sardunyalarla s\u00fcsl\u00fc renkli evleri ile b\u00fcy\u00fck modern bir \u015fehrin ortas\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f, kasaba havas\u0131nda bohem bir yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesi.<\/p>\n

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Bu cazibeli yap\u0131s\u0131 ile turistleri kendine \u00e7eken, ak\u015fam \u00fczerinden itibaren kalabal\u0131kla\u015fan semtte ak\u015fam ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yemek i\u00e7in yer bulma s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Neyse ki ge\u00e7en seferden tecr\u00fcbeliyiz ve tam zaman\u0131nda kendimizi g\u00fczel bir restorana at\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

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Roma 2014-2018-2022 Gezilerimden Roma Hakk\u0131nda Roma \u015fehrinin ilk kurulu\u015fu M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Efsaneye g\u00f6re Roma ismi, \u015fehrin kurucusu Kral Romulus’tan geliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[457,644],"tags":[569,577,574,339,570,568,573,566,575,567,576,572,571],"class_list":["post-4289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-italya","category-roma","tag-baldaken","tag-borghese","tag-collesium","tag-gezilecek-yerler","tag-isvicreli-muhafizlar","tag-pieta","tag-rafhael-odalari","tag-san-pietro-bazilikasi","tag-san-pietro-in-vincoli","tag-san-pietro-meydani","tag-santa-maria-della-vittoria","tag-sistina-sapeli","tag-vatikan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4289"}],"version-history":[{"count":68,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6273,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289\/revisions\/6273"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}