{"id":2870,"date":"2020-04-13T13:34:40","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T10:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/?p=2870"},"modified":"2024-08-19T13:56:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T10:56:26","slug":"iran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/13\/iran\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130RAN"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130RAN GEZ\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

26 Nisan 2019 – 5 May\u0131s 2019\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Resmi dili:<\/strong> Fars\u00e7a. Halk\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e (Azeri T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7esi) konu\u015fabiliyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Para birimi:<\/strong> Riyal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Paralar\u0131 bol s\u0131f\u0131rl\u0131. Halk, Riyal yerine bir s\u0131f\u0131r at\u0131p T\u00fcmen’i kullan\u0131yor. Para birimine uyum sa\u011flamak biraz zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ald\u0131 do\u011frusu.<\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran bayra\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Beyaz bar\u0131\u015f\u0131, ye\u015fil dini, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015fehitleri, beyaz rengin \u00fczerindeki i\u015faret Allah’\u0131 simgeliyor. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve ye\u015fil renk \u00fczerinde Allahu ekber yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran K\u0131sa Tarihi:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Elaml\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran tarihi M.\u00d6. 3000<\/strong>\u2019lerde Elaml\u0131lar ile ba\u015flar. \u00c7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131na sahip bu halk ile \u0130ranl\u0131lar’\u0131n yaz\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 (edebiyat \u00e7a\u011f\u0131) ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Aryanlar (M.\u00d6. 3200-625)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sibirya steplerinde bulunan Aryanlar so\u011fuktan ka\u00e7\u0131p g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Bir grup bat\u0131ya yani Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 edip Yunan ve Roma uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturdu. \u0130kinci grup ise g\u00fcneye inip \u0130ran ve Hindistan\u2019a kadar ilerlediler. \u00a0G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hint-Avrupa<\/strong> dil ailesini ve bu dile ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn temelini bu topluluk olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Topluluk kendisine soylu anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cAryai\u201d ismini vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hatta Hitler\u2019in, Ari \u0131rk i\u00e7in kendi k\u00f6kenlerini bu \u0131rka dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran \u00fclkesinin ismi \u0130ran=Arian kelimesinden geliyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M.\u00d6. 625<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Medler ve Persler d\u00f6neminde tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131ndan birini ba\u015flat\u0131rlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Medler ve Persler \u015fu anki \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n atalar\u0131 olan milletlerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Medler<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Etnik olarak Arian \u0131rk\u0131na mensuptur. Eski Fars\u00e7an\u0131n bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc konu\u015furlar.<\/p>\r\n

Persler\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Kabaca s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131rsak:<\/p>\r\n

1- Antik D\u00f6nem Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: M.\u00d6. 625’de Ahameni\u015f Hanedan\u0131 ile ba\u015flar. M.S. 652 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasani Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ile biter.<\/p>\r\n

2- Modern D\u00f6nem Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: 1501’de \u015eah \u0130smail’in Tebriz’i al\u0131p Safevi Devleti’ni kurmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flar. 1925’de R\u0131za \u015eah’\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile son bulur.<\/p>\r\n

\u0130ran tarihinde d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrkler etkin g\u00fc\u00e7 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Persler; Ahameni\u015f Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/strong> (M.\u00d6. 558 – M.\u00d6. 333)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

G\u00f6\u00e7ebe kavimden olu\u015fan Persler (Parslar) b\u00f6lgeye gelmi\u015f ve Medler\u2019le s\u00fcrekli olarak sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Nihayetinde Pers Kral\u0131 Kiros, Medler\u2019i yenmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kiros\u2019un kurdu\u011fu Ahameni\u015f (Agemenyan) \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong> yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fczy\u0131l b\u00f6lgede h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

Kiros, devlet merkezi olarak gezegendeki en eski \u015fehirlerden Su\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f, ama kendisi Pasargad\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

II. Kiros ve I. Darius zaman\u0131nda Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Hindistan\u2019dan Atina’ya kadar ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Sardes ve Su\u015fa aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen 2 bin kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki “Kral Yolu”, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk otoyolu olarak kabul edilir.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

M.\u00d6. 333<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender<\/strong>, III. Darius’u yendi. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etti ve en g\u00fczel \u015fehri Persepolis\u2019i yak\u0131p y\u0131kt\u0131. Bunun nedeninin, \u0130skender’in burada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc medeniyeti k\u0131skand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

Ard\u0131ndan Partlar<\/strong> (A\u015fkaniler) b\u00f6lgede h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu d\u00f6nemde Yunan etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Partlar bast\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 paralarla kendilerini Yunan soyundan g\u00f6steriyordu. Yunancay\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Persler; Sasani Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M.S. 224-652<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sasani Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130ran Hanedan\u0131 ve ikinci Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’dur.<\/p>\r\n

Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck<\/strong> devlet dini haline geldi. Kast sistemi ile y\u00f6netildi. Su yollar\u0131 (qanat), yollar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler geli\u015ftirildi. Yeni g\u00fczel saraylar yap\u0131ld\u0131. I. \u015eapur d\u00f6neminde sava\u015f esirleri aras\u0131nda felsefe, t\u0131p ve astronomi ile ilgilenenler Gundi\u015fapur\u2019a yerle\u015ftirildi. Bilim ve felsefe merkezi olu\u015fturuldu. Buradaki ak\u0131mlar\u0131n Floransa ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi kabul edilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Araplar<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

652 Arap i\u015fgali ile birlikte gelen \u0130slamiyet\u2019in kabul\u00fc, <\/strong>\u0130ran k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve geleneklerinde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere neden oldu. Zerd\u00fc\u015ftler zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Arap alfabesinin kabul\u00fc ile Fars dili bu alfabe ile yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Yine de \u0130ran\u2019da ya\u015fayan halk Emevi ve Abbasi halifelerine hemen teslim olmay\u0131p bir\u00e7ok yerde direnmi\u015flerdir. Araplar \u201cimaml\u0131k\u201d gelene\u011fini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kararak \u0130slam\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sel\u00e7uklular<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Abbasiler \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 600 y\u0131l kadar y\u00f6nettikten sonra yerlerini Sel\u00e7uklular ald\u0131. \u0130sfahan\u2019\u0131 ba\u015fkent yapt\u0131lar. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u015fair ve matematik\u00e7i \u00d6mer Hayyam bu devirde yeti\u015fti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Mo\u011follar <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1220\u2019de Cengiz Han y\u00f6netimindeki Mo\u011fol ordusu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ni y\u0131kt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Tebriz ba\u015fkent oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130lhanl\u0131lar <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Cengiz\u2019in torunu H\u00fclag\u00fc, Hristiyanl\u0131k ve Budizm aras\u0131nda bocalarken sosyal bask\u0131lar ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Kendisine \u0130l Han ismini verdi. Kurdu\u011fu devlet de bu isimle an\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Timurlular<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1402\u2019de Mo\u011fol-T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Timur k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre b\u00f6lgede hakimiyet sa\u011flad\u0131. Ba\u015fkenti Tebriz\u2019den Kazvin\u2019e ald\u0131. Kendine kar\u015f\u0131 gelenleri ac\u0131mas\u0131zca katletti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karakoyunlu ve Akkoyunlu<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu iki T\u00fcrkmen kabile bu b\u00f6lgede k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli hakimiyet s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Safeviler (1501-1736)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eii hanedan\u0131 olan Safeviler\u2019in, y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmeleri ile \u0130ran\u2019da yeniden do\u011fu\u015f d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131. Anadolu\u2019daki \u015eii\/Alevi inanc\u0131na sahip kitleler b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6sterdi. Zamanla ilgi tehlikeli boyutlara ula\u015f\u0131nca ve Safeviler g\u00fc\u00e7lenince Yavuz Sultan Selim, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7ald\u0131ran Ovas\u0131\u2019ndaki sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131 kazand\u0131. (1514).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eah \u0130smail taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Safevi Devleti\u2019nin en dikkate de\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015eah Abbas’t\u0131r. Modern bir ordu kurmu\u015f, \u00fclkeyi Mo\u011fol ve Osmanl\u0131 istilas\u0131ndan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkede birlik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakim k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 reformlar ile parlak bir devir olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde ziraat ve tar\u0131mda ilerleme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fkent \u00f6nce Kazvin\u2019e daha sonra \u0130sfahan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sfahan\u2019da muhte\u015fem mimari eserler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Nadir \u015eah (Af\u015far) D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1736\u2019da Afgan-Azeri kral\u0131 Nadir \u015eah, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f, \u00fclkedeki T\u00fcrk ve Rus unsurlar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131sa bir bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Zendler<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Zend\u2019li Kerim Han<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu hanedan \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmi\u015f, \u015eiraz\u2019\u0131 ba\u015fkent yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ka\u00e7arlar (Kajarlar) D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1796\u2019da Af\u015far T\u00fcrklerinden Ka\u00e7ar kabilesi g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f ve ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 A\u011fa Muhammed Han \u00fclkeyi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem uleman\u0131n da g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemdir. Muhammed \u015eah\u2019\u0131n tahta ge\u00e7me t\u00f6reninde aya\u011fa kalkmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu hanedanlar aras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fler siyasi otoriteyi zaafa u\u011frat\u0131nca ulema kuvvetlenmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1906\u2019da <\/strong>ilk me\u015frutiyet ulema, t\u00fcccarlar ve baz\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile ilan edildi. Ulema\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fi \u201cme\u015fru\u201d saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eah\u2019\u0131n idaresini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7indi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1908<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda petrol\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 ile yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flar.<\/p>\r\n

Pehleviler<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1921\u2019<\/strong>de bir darbe ile son Ka\u00e7ar Kral\u0131 Ahmet \u015eah\u2019\u0131 deviren Kazak birli\u011fi komutan\u0131 R\u0131za Han<\/strong>, y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irerek Pehlevi Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 kurdu. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 modernle\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc kendisine \u00f6rnek ald\u0131. Onun gibi i\u015fe sosyal devrimlerle ba\u015flad\u0131. Dini bask\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kara \u00e7ar\u015faf giymelerini ve Muharrem ay\u0131ndaki a\u015fure g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. B\u00fcrokrasiyi laikle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dilde sadele\u015fmeye \u00f6nem verdi. Kendisi Azeri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ziyaretinde Atat\u00fcrk ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ancak 1941\u2019de yabanc\u0131 devletlerce istifaya zorlanm\u0131\u015f, yerine 22 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu Muhammed R\u0131za \u015eah getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ngiliz-\u0130ran petrol \u015firketinin \u0130ran petrollerinden \u00e7ok para kazanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine 70 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki milliyet\u00e7i ba\u015fbakan Musadd\u0131k, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131ya ra\u011fmen \u0130ran petrollerini millile\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ngilizler’in etkisindeki \u015eah “modernle\u015fme” ve “bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma” hevesi ile baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak bunu yaparken \u0130ran halk\u0131na bask\u0131 ve sans\u00fcr uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devleti g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek, \u00fclkenin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimi h\u0131zland\u0131racak bu uygulamalar sorgulanamaz durumdad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halk\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla de\u011fil de halka ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildikleri s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n metni sans\u00fcr nedeniyle yay\u0131mlanmaz, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunda bir\u00e7ok yazar susturulur. Yap\u0131lan toprak reformu toprak a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fine yarar. Halk k\u00f6yden \u015fehre g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Humeyni D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcnden gelen Humeyni ile \u0130slam Devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u00a01979; <\/strong>hem \u0130ran k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hem de \u0130ran Tarihi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olur. 1979 devrimi, halka ra\u011fmen de\u011fil, bizzat halk\u0131n deste\u011fi ve m\u00fccadelesi sonucunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1979 Devrimi\u2019yle \u015eah\u2019\u0131n devrilmesi ve yerine Humeyni\u2019nin ge\u00e7mesi, ilk d\u00f6nemlerde \u015eah\u2019\u0131n eziyetinden b\u0131rak halka rahat bir nefes ald\u0131rsa da, k\u0131sa zaman i\u00e7erisinde bu devrimin de beklenileni vermeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Humeyni, 1 \u015eubat 1979\u2019da \u0130ran\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve toplumun b\u00fct\u00fcn kesimlerini dikkate alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faretini veren konu\u015fmalar yapar. Ancak k\u0131sa zaman i\u00e7erisinde, kendisine biat eden radikal gruplar\u0131n isteklerine boyun e\u011fecek; \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda sans\u00fcr, i\u015fkence, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve infazlar yeniden sahneye \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130ran ge\u00e7mi\u015fine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u00f6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve onun da \u00f6ncesinde Sel\u00e7uklular vard\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklu topraklar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Anadolu, \u0130ran ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaps\u0131yordu. Yani Sel\u00e7uklu zaman\u0131nda \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131 ayn\u0131 y\u00f6netim alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Hanedan T\u00fcrk, ancak b\u00fcrokrasi ekseriyetle Fars k\u00f6kenlilerdeydi. Sel\u00e7uklu sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131da geli\u015ferek, kendini Bizans\u2019\u0131n varisi olarak konumland\u0131rmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130ran aras\u0131ndaki rekabetin de tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi ki\u015filer<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Farabi, \u0130bn-i Sina, \u00d6mer Hayyam, Harezmi, Razi, Hace Nasiruddin Tusi ve Ebu Reyhan Biruni gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fahsiyetlerin hepsi \u0130ranl\u0131 filozof ve alimlerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran halk\u0131 \u015fiiri seven ve \u015fairlere sempati duyan bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Her zaman \u015fairler ve ozanlar<\/strong> yurdu olmu\u015ftur. Seslerini sadece bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada duyuran Haf\u0131z, Mevlana, Sadi, Firdevsi, Nizami ve Hayyam gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fahsiyetler bahsetti\u011fimiz bu \u015fair ve ozanlar kervan\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen simalar\u0131d\u0131r. Firdevsi’nin \u015eehname’si bu dilin edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130lber Ortayl\u0131\u2019dan:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201c\u0130ran bir imparatorluk; onu meydana getiren unsurlar\u0131n her biri kendi dilini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc iti\u015fip kak\u0131\u015farak de\u011fil, keyifle ve uyumla ta\u015f\u0131yor. Azerbaycanl\u0131 \u015fairler T\u00fcrk \u015fiirini, geleneksel aruzu en iyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde temsil ediyor; Beluclar \u00f6yle ve K\u00fcrtlerin de ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 en az\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’lerini yetkiyle kullan\u0131yor.
Ama bu uyumun ana s\u00fctunu Fars k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve Fars\u00e7a. Herkesin gayreti o dili \u00f6\u011frenmek, onun \u015fiirine hayran olmak, y\u00fczlerce beyiti ezberinde tutmak.
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcnevveri iki dilli; mesela Azerbaycan\u2019da hizmet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi m\u00fckemmel \u00f6\u011freniyor. Fars as\u0131ll\u0131 eski Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmedinecad bunun \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Zaman\u0131m\u0131z T\u00fcrk \u015fairlerinin \u00f6nde gelenlerinden \u015eehriyar Azerbaycanl\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130ranl\u0131 T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n tipik \u00f6rne\u011fiydi. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 \u201c\u0130ran\u2019\u0131 biz kurduk, \u0130ran bizim yurdumuz\u201d der. Ger\u00e7ekten de eski Sasani metinlerindeki \u201c\u0130ran\u015fehr\u201d deyimini bu memleketin ve kitlenin ad\u0131 haline getirenler, Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrk hanedanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Tabii ard\u0131ndan da Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n soyu olan \u0130lhanl\u0131lar ayn\u0131 gelene\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.\u00a0
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n etnik unsurlar\u0131 birbirini ortadan kald\u0131rmakla u\u011fra\u015fmaz ama rekabetle birbirlerinin minderine el atar.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Evet b\u00f6yle bir medeniyeti g\u00f6rme arzusu ile bu gezi hayat buldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medeniyet olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u0130ran, bizler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok da tan\u0131nmaz ve biraz da dudak b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunun nedeni y\u0131llard\u0131r iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan rekabete ba\u011fl\u0131. Bir siyaset politikas\u0131. Oysa o kadar \u00e7ok benzerli\u011fimiz, ortak de\u011ferlerimiz ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131m\u0131z var ki bu \u00fclkeyle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok soru vard\u0131 tabii kafam\u0131zda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funa, orada bize \u0130ran hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sorumuzu cevaplayan rehberimiz Rana Sohrabi han\u0131m sayesinde cevap bulduk.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu arada \u015funu belirtmek isterim ki Rana han\u0131m \u015fimdiye kadar kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m turlarda, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m en yetkin rehber oldu. Bilgisi, gruba hakim olmas\u0131, sorunlara pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmas\u0131, sabr\u0131, sonsuz \u00f6zverisi ve e\u015fsiz zerafeti ile. Kendisine e\u015flik eden karde\u015fi Siyamek de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fczel bir gezi ge\u00e7irmemizde katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu nedenle Ritur\u2019a ayr\u0131ca te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmek isterim.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran hakk\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 baz\u0131 bilgiler:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu; Guinness rekorlar kitab\u0131na da girmi\u015f en geni\u015f imparatorluk.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f borcu \u0130ran\u2019\u0131nkinin 50 kat\u0131<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir ambargosu var. Bu nedenle benzini d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya satam\u0131yorlar ve i\u00e7 pazarda litresi 40 kuru\u015fa sat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda tabii ki fakirlik var. Ama buna ra\u011fmen halk, kimseye boyun e\u011fmemenin gururu i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ve bu \u015fartlar onlar\u0131 kendi sanayilerini kurmaya itmi\u015f. Kendi ya\u011flar\u0131 ile kavruluyorlar. Tar\u0131mda \u00fcretkenler. Genleri ile oynanan tohumlarla \u00fcretim yapmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri do\u011fal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Trump iktidara geldi\u011finden beri ona inat Amerikal\u0131 turist say\u0131s\u0131nda % 26 art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran Devrimi\u2019nin ilk 10 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulanan bask\u0131 rejimi \u015fimdilerde hafiflemi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, hem ya\u015fayan halk hem turist i\u00e7in mecburi. Ancak bu kural da olduk\u00e7a gev\u015fetilmi\u015f durumda. Halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu sa\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckecek \u015fekilde ve mecburiyetten ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Sa\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckmeden ba\u011flayan veya \u00e7ar\u015fafl\u0131 han\u0131mlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Pe\u00e7e hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedik. Erkeklerde de c\u00fcppe ve sar\u0131k hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedik.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00c7ar\u015f\u0131, pazar, sokakta kad\u0131nlar \u00e7ok rahat tav\u0131rlar\u0131 ile dikkatimizi \u00e7ekti. Park ve \u00e7im alanlarda \u00f6rt\u00fclerini yay\u0131p ailece piknik yap\u0131yorlar. Kad\u0131nlar buralarda rahat\u00e7a yatabiliyor. Y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fup kahkahalar at\u0131yorlar. S\u00fcslenmeyi, makyaj yapmay\u0131 seviyorlar. Zaten bilirsiniz \u0130ran kad\u0131nlar\u0131, ka\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00fczel kad\u0131nlard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u015eiraz\u2019da dikkatimi \u00e7eken \u015fey bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n\u0131n sokakta tavla oynamas\u0131 oldu. Sevdikleri bir oyun herhalde. Nargile i\u00e7en kad\u0131n da \u00e7oktu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kad\u0131nlar bizdeki gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan e\u015flerini b\u0131rak\u0131p kad\u0131n kad\u0131na turlara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p seyahat ediyorlarm\u0131\u015f. (\u0130ran\u2019a gitmeden \u00f6nce bunlar\u0131n olabilece\u011fini tahmin edemezdim.) Tabii ki hi\u00e7bir \u015fey zorlama ile olam\u0131yor. Art\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri de bunun fark\u0131na varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran\u2019da kad\u0131nlar her mesle\u011fi yapabiliyorlar. E\u011fitimleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nlerinde bir engel yok.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130dam<\/strong> cezas\u0131 var. Kimlere:\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Cinayet i\u015fleyenlere<\/p>\r\n

Belli bir miktar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde uyu\u015fturucu bulunduranlara (yani sat\u0131p ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 da zehirledi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclenlere)<\/p>\r\n

Tecav\u00fcz i\u015fleyenlere<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Asl\u0131nda Recm<\/strong> i\u00e7in su\u00e7 tespit kurallar\u0131n\u0131 Hz. Ali belirlemi\u015f zaman\u0131nda. Ancak pratikte bunu ispat etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Muhtemelen ama\u00e7 da bu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile bu durumda recm olmamal\u0131. Ama her zaman kurallar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131tan “alimler” olabiliyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kad\u0131n Haklar\u0131: <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Evlenmeden \u00f6nce noterde kad\u0131n ve erkek aras\u0131nda 12-13 sayfal\u0131k bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalan\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Mesela evlilik sonras\u0131 erkek ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na tutulursa kad\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma hakk\u0131 var. Ama tersi oldu\u011funda erke\u011fin \u00f6yle bir hakk\u0131 yok.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130stenirse kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fma ile (kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 \u00f6n plana al\u0131narak) ilave s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131 konulabiliyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Erkek isterse kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

K\u0131z, evlenirken 32 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar baba iznini almak zorunda. \u0130stisnai durumlar: Y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimi varsa, 5 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131 olmu\u015fsa baba iznine gerek yok<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Mecliste 17 kad\u0131n milletvekilleri varm\u0131\u015f. Kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ran halk\u0131 T\u00fcrkler\u2019i seviyor. Halklar aras\u0131nda problem yok \u00e7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130RAN GEZ\u0130S\u0130 26 Nisan 2019 – 5 May\u0131s 2019\u00a0 Resmi dili: Fars\u00e7a. Halk\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e (Azeri T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7esi) konu\u015fabiliyor. Para birimi: Riyal. Paralar\u0131 bol s\u0131f\u0131rl\u0131. Halk, Riyal yerine bir s\u0131f\u0131r at\u0131p T\u00fcmen’i kullan\u0131yor. Para birimine uyum sa\u011flamak biraz zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ald\u0131 do\u011frusu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[332,381],"tags":[341,344,337,339,333,343,342,338,334,340,335,336],"class_list":["post-2870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-iran","category-iran-genel","tag-aryanlar","tag-farabi","tag-firdevsi","tag-gezilecek-yerler","tag-iran","tag-omerhayyam","tag-pehlevi","tag-persepolis","tag-persler","tag-ritur","tag-sasani","tag-sirazi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2870"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5134,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2870\/revisions\/5134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}