1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Utan\u00e7 duvar\u0131 (\u00a0Schandmauer\u2013Berliner Mauer<\/strong> ) ile ortadan b\u00f6l\u00fcnen \u015fehir, duvar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ekim 1990’de yeniden birle\u015fmi\u015f ve Federal Alman Cumhuriyeti’nin ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015ftur. 12 ayr\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n Turistik olarak en \u00f6nemli merkez Mitte’<\/strong>dir. Eski do\u011fu Berlin merkezli tarihi b\u00f6lgedir.<\/p>\n \u015eehrin bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131; l\u00fcks al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ma\u011fazalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu caddeler alan\u0131d\u0131r. Ku\u2019Damm (Kurf\u00fcrstendamm) vb.\u00a0 B\u00f6lgede ayr\u0131ca;\u00a0Charlottenburg Saray\u0131, Kulturforum, Tiergarten ve Olimpiyat Stadyumu bulunur.<\/p>\n Mitte’nin g\u00fcneyinde ise\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrklerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, cafe, bar ve i\u015fletmelerin bulundu\u011fu hareketli bir semt olan Kreuzberg<\/strong> bulunur.<\/p>\n 1.\u00a0G\u00fcn: 28 Nisan 2018 Cumartesi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eehre var\u0131r varmaz panoramik bir tur yap\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n En do\u011fuda Alexanderplatz ve en bat\u0131da Brandenburg Tor al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2,3 kilometrelik bu mesafe i\u00e7inde biraz kuzeye ve g\u00fcneye sapmalar ile \u015fehrin en turistik ve tarihi yerlerini gezmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyor.<\/p>\n 1. K\u0131r\u0131k Zincir Heykeli<\/strong><\/p>\n Tauentzien caddesi \u00fczerinde K\u0131r\u0131k Zincir Heykeli’ni g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc ve l\u00fcks Kurf\u00fcrstendamm caddesindeyiz.<\/p>\n 2. Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Kilisesi (Y\u0131k\u0131k Kilise)<\/strong><\/p>\n II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in113 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki kulesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ancak ibretlik olsun diye restore edilmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n \u015eehrin bat\u0131s\u0131ndan girdi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in merkeze do\u011fru ilerlerken \u00f6nce parklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir alana geliyoruz.<\/p>\n 3. Berlin Zafer S\u00fctunu (Siegessaule)<\/strong><\/p>\n Meydanda yer alan heykel 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda Prusya Zaferi an\u0131s\u0131na tasarlanm\u0131\u015f. Bitimine kadar iki zafer daha ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcm bu seferlere adan\u0131p 1873 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 66 metre uzunlu\u011fundaki s\u00fctunun tepesinde y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc bat\u0131ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f Zafer Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Viktoria heykeli var.<\/p>\n Meydandan,\u00a0 Berlin’in en b\u00fcy\u00fck bah\u00e7esi Tiergarten<\/strong> i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erek bah\u00e7enin sonuna geliyoruz.<\/p>\n 4. Alman Parloamento Binas\u0131 (Reichstag)<\/strong><\/p>\n Buran\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi tepesindeki cam kubbesi. Halk\u0131ndan s\u0131r saklamayan Alman Devleti’ni simgeliyormu\u015f. 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda neo-klasik tarzda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f binan\u0131n \u00f6n cephesinde “Alman halk\u0131na” yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7ini gezmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden rezervasyon yapt\u0131rmak uygun olabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc olduk\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k bir s\u0131ra\u00a0vard\u0131. \u0130stenirse \u00fccretli olarak cam kubbeye de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n Tiergarten’den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca tarihi bir kap\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n 5. Brandenburg Tor<\/strong><\/p>\n Eskiden \u015fehirde bulunan 18 kap\u0131dan tek ayakta kalan bu yap\u0131 Almanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u015fey ifade ediyor. Brandenburg Kap\u0131s\u0131; Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde 1791 y\u0131l\u0131nda Neo-klasik tarzda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 26 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki \u015fehir kap\u0131s\u0131 Atina’daki Akropolis’in giri\u015findeki an\u0131tsal ge\u00e7itten esinlenilmi\u015f. Halk sadece ilk iki aral\u0131ktan ge\u00e7erken kraliyet ailesi orta ge\u00e7i\u015fi kullanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n 1793’te kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine “quadriga” denilen d\u00f6rt at\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi arabaya oturmu\u015f Zafer Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Viktoria heykeli ilave edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n 1806’da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferle \u015fehre gelen Napolyon, Quadriga heykelini \u00e7ok be\u011feniyor. Zafer alay\u0131 i\u00e7in kap\u0131y\u0131 kullanan ilk ki\u015fi oluyor ve Quadriga’y\u0131 s\u00f6kt\u00fcrerek Paris’e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Prusyal\u0131 general Napolyon’u yenince heykel eski yerine konuluyor. Bir eliyle arabay\u0131 kullanan Viktoria’n\u0131n di\u011fer elinde Almanya’y\u0131 ve H\u0131ristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eden kartal ve ha\u00e7 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kap\u0131 hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Orjinal Quadriga’dan sadece bir at\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f boyunca, Reichstag Bat\u0131 Berlin’de, Brandenburger Kap\u0131s\u0131 Do\u011fu Berlin’de kalm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n (Almanlar Berlin duvar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra duvar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi hat boyunu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yere farkl\u0131 renkte kald\u0131r\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131 -\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015feridi- d\u00f6\u015femi\u015fler. \u0130lk foto\u011frafta g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.)<\/p>\n Berlin duvar\u0131n\u0131n 22 Aral\u0131k 1989’da y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra toplanan 100 bin ki\u015filik halk ilk y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 kutlamas\u0131n\u0131 burada yapm\u0131\u015f. Bu kap\u0131 yeniden birle\u015fmi\u015f bir Berlin’in simgesi haline gelmi\u015f.<\/p>\n Kap\u0131 Pariser meydan\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda harabeye d\u00f6nen \u015fehirde restorasyon 1990’da yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Bu meydanda da modern binalar, el\u00e7ilikler ve 5 y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 Adlon otel in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n 6. Checkpoint Charlie<\/strong><\/p>\n Brandenburg kap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p m\u00fczeler adas\u0131na kadar do\u011fuya uzanan caddenin ad\u0131 Unter den Linden (Ihlamurlar alt\u0131nda). Ihlamur kokular\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz. 750 metre kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp bu caddeyi dik kesen tarihi Friedrich caddesine geliyoruz. G\u00fcneye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bir kilometre kadar ilerleyince Checkpoint kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n Duvar zaman\u0131nda do\u011fu ile bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki 3 ge\u00e7i\u015f kontrol noktas\u0131ndan Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen kap\u0131. Di\u011ferleri Alfa ve Bravo.<\/p>\n Charlie;\u00a0<\/span>Do\u011fu Almanya’n\u0131n, m\u00fcttefik diplomatlar, askeri personel ve yabanc\u0131 turistlerin Berlin’in Sovyet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesine izin verdi\u011fi tek kap\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k otuz y\u0131l i\u015flev g\u00f6ren Checkpoint Charlie’nin m\u00fcttefik taraf\u0131 sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir prefabrik kul\u00fcbe ve birka\u00e7 kum torbas\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyordu.\u00a0<\/span>Orjinal ah\u015fap muhaf\u0131z\u0131, 1980’lerde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir metal bina ile de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Ancak M\u00fcttefikler, Berlin Duvar\u0131’n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 veya me\u015fru bir s\u0131n\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinden kontrollerini her zaman basit tutmu\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n \u015eimdilerde eskiyi unutmamak ad\u0131na olsa gerek ayn\u0131 noktada kul\u00fcbe ve temsili askerler ile kontrol noktas\u0131 turistik merkez haline gelmi\u015f. 5 euro verip askerlerle an\u0131 foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ektirebiliyorsunuz.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Almanlar eski g\u00fcnlerden utan\u0131p ahlay\u0131p vahlamak yerine ders \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir disiplinle ilerleme yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015fler.<\/p>\n 7. Gendarmenmarkt Meydan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Frans\u0131z Katedrali, Alman Katedrali ve\u00a0tarihi Concert House \u00fc\u00e7lemesi ile g\u00fczelle\u015fen bir meydan.<\/p>\n 8. Frans\u0131z Katedrali<\/strong><\/p>\n Protestan olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Fransa’daki zul\u00fcmden ka\u00e7an Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131’na (Huguenot) kucak a\u00e7an Berlin’de yap\u0131lan bir kilise. O d\u00f6nemde Protestanlar Berlin n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k % 25’ini olu\u015fturuyormu\u015f. 1705’te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 1785 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Alman kilisesine Carl von Gontard taraf\u0131ndan kubbe eklendi\u011finde Frans\u0131z Kilisesinin de biti\u015fi\u011fine benzer kule yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ancak kilise ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yok. Biti\u015fi\u011findeki kubbe (dom) ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki Alman Katedrali nedeniyle – “Dom\u201d kelimesi Almanca’da katedral anlam\u0131nda- Frans\u0131z Katedrali denmi\u015f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 70 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki kule (dom);\u00a01929’dan beri\u00a0Huguenot M\u00fczesi’ne<\/strong>\u00a0(Hugenottenmuseum)\u00a0<\/strong> \u00a0ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcze, Berlin’deki Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131n tarihini ve Berlin’in 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geli\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmadaki etkilerini belgelemektedir.<\/p>\n 9. Alman Katedrali<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Yeni Kilise olarak da bilinir. 1708 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00a01785’de Carl von Gontard taraf\u0131ndan kubbe ilave edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a01945’te Deutscher Dom tamamen yanarak y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Tekrar in\u015fa edilerek 1996’da Alman tarihi \u00fczerine sergiler d\u00fczenleyen bir m\u00fcze olarak yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n 10. Konzerthaus (Konser Salonu)<\/strong><\/p>\n Gendarmenmarkt’taki en yeni binad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span>Berlin’in \u00fcnl\u00fc mimarlar\u0131ndan Karl-Friedrich Schinkel taraf\u0131ndan;\u00a0 1817’de yang\u0131nla tahrip olan Ulusal Tiyatro kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine 1824’te tiyatro olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Gendarmenmarkt’taki di\u011fer binalar gibi, Konzerthaus \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f.<\/span>\u00a01984 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanan yeniden yap\u0131lanma ile tiyatro bir konser salonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. \u015eimdi\u00a0<\/span>Berlin Senfoni Orkestras\u0131’na ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n 11. Schiller An\u0131t\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Konzerthaus’un \u00f6n\u00fcnde, meydan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc Alman \u015fairi Friedrich Schiller’in heykeli yer al\u0131yor. Beethoven’\u0131n Ode’sine ve Avrupa mar\u015f\u0131 olan Joy’a \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc vermesiyle tan\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Mermer an\u0131t 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda Schillerbrunnen (Schiller \u00c7e\u015fmesi) olarak Reinhold Begas taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>\u00a0Heykelin d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fesinde\u00a0\u015eiir, Drama, Tarih ve Felsefe’yi temsil eden d\u00f6rt alegorik kad\u0131n fig\u00fcr\u00fc bulunuyor.<\/span>\u00a0G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fme faaliyeti bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n 12. Berlin Duvar\u0131 (East Side Gallery)<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrk mahallesi olarak bilinen Kruezberg’den Oberbaum k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ile nehrin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7ince Friedrichshain semtine geliyoruz.<\/p>\n 1,3 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki kal\u0131nt\u0131 “Berlin Duvar\u0131” burada bulunuyor. Ressamlar taraf\u0131ndan boyan\u0131p sanat unsuru haline getirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n (Berlin Duvar\u0131, 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. 46 km uzunlu\u011fundaki duvardan bat\u0131ya ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken en az 235 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f.<\/span>\u00a0Be\u015f bin ki\u015fi ise ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015f. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131 kas\u0131m\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.)<\/p>\n Sosyalist karde\u015flik \u00f6p\u00fcc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0(socialist fraternal kiss); duvar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc resmi. Do\u011fu Almanya lideri Erich Honecker ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Leonid Brejnev dudaktan \u00f6p\u00fc\u015ferek bu foto\u011fraf\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc hale getirmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n Berlin duvar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra otele yerle\u015fmek ve dinlenmek i\u00e7in bir mola veriyoruz.<\/p>\n Panoramik turda bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru gelmi\u015ftik. Ak\u015fam \u00fcst\u00fc ise gezi rotam\u0131z\u0131n en do\u011fusu ve \u015fehrin de merkezi konumunda bulunan Alexander Meydan\u0131’ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n 13. Alexander Meydan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eehrin bilinen bir noktas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ayn\u0131 zamanda bir bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da ma\u011faza ve restoran bulunuyor.<\/p>\n 14. D\u00fcnya Saati (Weltzeituhr)<\/strong><\/p>\n Meydanda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Meydan\u0131n hemen yan\u0131ndaki park ve etraf\u0131nda \u015fehrin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n 15. Tv Tower<\/strong> (Berliner Fernsehturm)<\/strong><\/p>\n 368\u00a0metre uzunlu\u011fundaki\u00a0 televizyon kulesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Berlin’i buradan seyretmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n 16. Marienkirche (St. Mary Kilisesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n Televizyon kulesinin hemen biti\u015fi\u011finde yer alan orta\u00e7a\u011fdan kalma Protestan Kilisesi.<\/p>\n 17. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Belediye Binas\u0131 (Rotes Rathaus)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1861-1869 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.\u00a0<\/span>Neo-R\u00f6nesans tarz\u0131 bir bina.<\/span><\/p>\n 18. Nept\u00fcn \u00c7e\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Belediye Binas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6n taraf\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n 1891’de in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Roma su ve deniz tanr\u0131s\u0131 Nept\u00fcn ortada yer al\u0131yor. Etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6rt kad\u0131n o d\u00f6nem Prusya topraklar\u0131nda bulunan d\u00f6rt nehri temsil ediyor. Elbe, Ren, Vistula ve Oder. \u00c7e\u015fme, eski Berlin \u015eehir Saray\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda eski yerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Restore edilip 1969’da \u015fu anki yerine ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n 19. Marx-Engels Forumu<\/strong><\/p>\n Park\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan Marx, Engels heykeli<\/p>\n 20. DDR (Demokratik Alman Cumhuriyeti) M\u00fczesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ee madem m\u00fczeler \u015fehrindeyiz vaktimiz elverdi\u011fince m\u00fcze gezece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 9.8 euro.\u00a0Karl-Liebknecht k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda, caddeden sahile inilen merdivenlerden inince hemen sa\u011fda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Buras\u0131 pop\u00fcler ve interaktif bir m\u00fcze. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan m\u00fcze “Dokunulabilir Tarih” slogan\u0131 ile so\u011fuk sava\u015f\u00a0 d\u00f6nemindeki Demokratik Almanya Cumhuriyeti’ndeki (DDR) ya\u015fam ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyetlere adanm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fczede g\u00f6rselli\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mevcut e\u015fyalara elleyebiliyor,\u00a0eski araba veya motosiklete binebiliyorsunuz.<\/p>\n Trabant; sosyalist rejimin stat\u00fc sembol\u00fc arabas\u0131. 25 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcndeymi\u015f ve almak i\u00e7in s\u0131raya girip y\u0131llarca bekleniyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere ait temsili dolaplar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p neler oldu\u011funa bak\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu Almanya’dan Bat\u0131 Almanya’ya ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren resimlere bakarken t\u00fcylerim diken diken oluyor ve bu yolda \u00f6len iki y\u00fcz k\u00fcs\u00fcr ki\u015fiyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden edemiyorum.<\/p>\n 21. Ampelmann<\/strong><\/p>\n 1961’de Berlin’deki trafik psikolo\u011fu, ayn\u0131 zamanda teknik ressam Karl Peglau, yayalara \u00f6zel yeni trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sembolleri \u00f6nerilerini sunmu\u015f: B\u00f6ylece \u201cDo\u011fu Ampelmann\u201d do\u011fmu\u015f. \u015eekildeki adam\u0131n \u015fapka \u00e7izimini de Peglau’nun sekreteri yapm\u0131\u015f. Ampelmann g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise kendini a\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir marka.<\/p>\n 1952’den beri de Tarih M\u00fczesi olarak hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n Arka taraf\u0131nda m\u00fczeye ait modern tarzdaki k\u0131s\u0131m.<\/p>\n \u00a024. Berlin Devlet Operas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 2. G\u00fcn: 29 Nisan 2018 Pazar<\/strong><\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn ilk hedefimiz M\u00fczeler Adas\u0131’n\u0131 gezmek.<\/p>\n 25. M\u00fczeler Adas\u0131 (Museumsinsel)<\/strong><\/p>\n Alexander Meydan\u0131’na yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 kilometre mesafede, Spree nehri \u00fczerinde bulunan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama b\u00fcnyesinde 5 m\u00fcze ve 1 katedral bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr adas\u0131.<\/p>\n Pergamon M\u00fczesi ve Alte M\u00fczesi 10’ar euro idi. Biz 18 euro’luk bilet al\u0131p iki m\u00fczeyi gezdik. Di\u011ferlerine maalesef zaman\u0131m\u0131z yoktu.<\/p>\n 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131’na\u00a0dahil olan M\u00fczeler Adas\u0131\u2019nda; Eski M\u00fcze, Yeni M\u00fcze, Eski Ulusal Galeri, Pergamon M\u00fczesi ve Bode M\u00fczesi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n 26. Bode Museum (Bode M\u00fczesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n Restorasyon sonucu 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden ziyaret\u00e7ilere kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an Bode M\u00fczesi, bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 heykel koleksiyonlar\u0131 ve Bizans hazineleri ile \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 27. Pergamon M\u00fczesi (Bergama M\u00fczesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n Adan\u0131n ba\u015f tac\u0131. M\u00fcze;\u00a0Antik Eser Koleksiyonu<\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0\u0130slam Eserleri M\u00fczesi<\/strong>\u00a0ve\u00a0Orta Do\u011fu M\u00fczesi’<\/strong>nin<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>bulundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 kanattan olu\u015fuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n Zeus Altar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Maalesef m\u00fczenin en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Zeus Altar\u0131 2026 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar restorasyonda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kapal\u0131.<\/p>\n Helenistik d\u00f6nem; Yunan sanat\u0131n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra ya\u015fanan son d\u00f6nemine rast geliyor. \u0130skender bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Yunanistan’\u0131 da kapsayan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alan\u0131 fethetti. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra imparatorluk, 4 generali aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bir tanesi Bergama’da Pergamon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 kurdu. M.\u00d6. 180-160 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait\u00a0 Zeus Altar\u0131 Bergama’dan getirilmi\u015ftir. Burada; Olimpos Da\u011f\u0131’nda tanr\u0131lar ve devler aras\u0131ndaki bir sava\u015f konu edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyadaki ve kainattaki egemenlik i\u00e7in mitolojik bir sava\u015f.<\/p>\n Bergamal\u0131 ve Atinal\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131lara, Marmara mermerinden yapt\u0131r\u0131lan dini an\u0131t U bi\u00e7iminde.<\/p>\n (Foto\u011fraf; @wikipedia’den al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehirlerinin aras\u0131nda yer alan Babil’in tarihi M.\u00d6. 3000’e kadar gidiyor. Kral Hammurabi zaman\u0131nda yani yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 1700’lerde politik merkez haline geliyor. M.\u00d6. 604-562’de Nebukadnezar zaman\u0131nda \u015fehir tekrar \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Antik Babil \u015fehri\u00a0yeniden in\u015fa ediliyor. Heredot\u2019un yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan Eski Ahit\u2019e kadar bir\u00e7ok antik metinde \u015fehrin g\u00f6rkemli tap\u0131nak ve saraylar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir. Nebukadnezar’\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Babil Asma Bah\u00e7eleri Heredot taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131ndan biri say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00dcnl\u00fc Babil Kulesi (zigurat) yine bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n \u0130ncil’de Kral Nebukadnezar’dan s\u00f6z edilir. Babil’in Kral\u0131 olup Kud\u00fcs’\u00fc fethetti\u011fi, \u015fehri yak\u0131p y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Musevileri s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etti\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda\u00a0 Babil’in g\u00f6rkemli sembol\u00fc \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019na 1902\u2019de ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kap\u0131 kentin de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00f6nemlerinde in\u015fa edilen sekiz kap\u0131s\u0131ndan biriydi.\u00a0On iki\u00a0metre y\u00fckseklikteki duvarlar\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 hala ayaktayd\u0131.\u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kaz\u0131ya ara verildi. D\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra sava\u015f sona erdi\u011finde, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki ve o topraklar\u0131n hakimi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Almanlar, oralar\u0131 i\u015fgal eden \u0130ngilizler’le anla\u015farak \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131 da dahil baz\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Berlin\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Kaz\u0131da g\u00f6revli Robert Koldewey orijinal materyaller ve kiremitler ile 1930\u2019da devasa yapbozu Berlin\u2019deki bu m\u00fczede tamamlayabilmi\u015f. Bu sergilenen k\u0131s\u0131m kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na aittir.<\/p>\n Uluslararas\u0131 ticareti kontrol eden ve Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n en bereketli topraklar\u0131na sahip olan Babilliler eski d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u0131pta ile bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rkemli bir kent konumundayd\u0131. Yeni y\u0131l \u015fenliklerinde kullan\u0131lan t\u00f6ren yoluna a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131 ve Babil Kulesi bu g\u00f6rkemin en g\u00fczel ifadesi durumundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131; Yeni Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kral\u0131 II. Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan sava\u015f ve a\u015fk tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130\u015ftar ad\u0131na yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kent giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve Ortado\u011fu, Mezopotamya medeniyet ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en g\u00fczel yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir i\u00e7 avlu ile ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki an\u0131tsal giri\u015ften olu\u015fan, mavi ve deniz ye\u015fili ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015fik renklerde s\u0131rl\u0131 tu\u011fladan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dev boyutlu kap\u0131, M.\u00d6. 575\u2019te Yeni Babil Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Babil\u2019in i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sur duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren, kentin 8. kap\u0131s\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Mezopotamya \u00e7ini sanat\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00f6rkemli \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n Kap\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131; Babil’in ba\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131, Babil’in koruyucusu Marduk’un kutsal hayvan\u0131 ejder (Mu\u015fu\u015fu) ve iklim tanr\u0131s\u0131 Adad’\u0131n kutsal hayvan\u0131 bo\u011fa kabartmalar\u0131 ile s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ejderhan\u0131n \u00f6n ayaklar\u0131; aslan, arka ayaklar\u0131; kartal pen\u00e7esi, ba\u015f-boyun; y\u0131lan, kuyruk; ucunda i\u011fne olan akrep \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n Nebukadnezar kendini Marduk’la \u00f6zle\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n Bu hayvanlar \u015fehri koruyup kolluyor.<\/p>\n (wikipedia) \u0130stanbul Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi b\u00fcnyesindeki Eski \u015eark Eserleri M\u00fczesi’nde \u0130\u015ftar kap\u0131s\u0131na ait par\u00e7alar bulunuyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n Taht Odas\u0131’<\/strong>n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>s\u00fcsleyen palmiye desenli i\u015flemeler<\/p>\n II. Nebukadnezar Yaz\u0131t\u0131 (\u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n Beyaz caml\u0131 ve mavi s\u0131rl\u0131 tu\u011flalarda kap\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in II. Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan yazd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span>10 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde 15 metre boyunda ve 60 sat\u0131rl\u0131k bir yaz\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n “Ben Nebukadnezar,<\/p>\n Surlar\u0131n temellerini yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131na kadar kazd\u0131rd\u0131m. Ve duvar\u0131 saf mavi ta\u015ftan yapt\u0131rd\u0131m.<\/p>\n Surlar\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda bo\u011falar ve ejderhalar var, ki bunlar\u0131 insanlar korkuyla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k sayg\u0131yla baks\u0131nlar diye g\u00f6rkemli bir l\u00fcks ile donatt\u0131m.”<\/p>\n Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131 Dikilita\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Sergi salonunun bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde bulunuyor. M.\u00d6. 1792-1740. (Orjinali Louvre M\u00fczesi’nde)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Heykel\u00a0bazalttan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Tepede Hammurabi, Tanr\u0131 \u015eama\u015f’dan kanunlar\u0131 al\u0131yor. \u015eama\u015f hem g\u00fcne\u015f, hem de adalet ve hukukla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir Tanr\u0131. Otoritesini g\u00f6steren bir tahta oturmu\u015f. Ayaklar\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n \u00fczerinde duruyor.\u00a0 Hammurabi nerdeyse Tanr\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte resmedilmi\u015f ancak ayakta duruyor. \u015eama\u015f’tan g\u00fc\u00e7 sembol\u00fc olan y\u00fcz\u00fck ve asa al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Akat\u00e7a \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yaz\u0131t bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131t 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fuyor:<\/p>\n 1. b\u00f6l\u00fcmde; Kral Hammurabi’nin tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n 2. b\u00f6l\u00fcmde; Onun \u015fan\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6vg\u00fc<\/p>\n 3. b\u00f6l\u00fcmde; Babil’i y\u00f6neten 300 civar\u0131nda kanun yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7o\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bu kanunlar\u0131n, bir\u00e7ok \u0130ncil metninin k\u00f6keni oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n T\u00f6ren Yolu (Marduk Yolu)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131 ile Marduk Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki 800 metrelik kutsal yoldur.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131 ile konumunu g\u00f6sterir tarzda maketi sergileniyor.<\/p>\n Her y\u0131l nisan ay\u0131nda yeni y\u0131l say\u0131lan tar\u0131m y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 kutlamak i\u00e7in t\u00f6ren alay\u0131 bu yoldan ge\u00e7er ve\u00a0bayram evine giderdi.\u00a0 Kutlamalar 12 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrerdi. Kutlamalar\u0131n\u00a0amac\u0131, Marduk ve onun d\u00fcnyadaki temsilcisi olan kral\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc teyit etmek ve topra\u011f\u0131n verimi i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmekti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Tanr\u0131\u00e7a \u0130\u015ftar’\u0131n kutsal hayvan\u0131 olan aslan ile \u00e7i\u00e7ek kabartmalar\u0131 t\u00f6ren yolunun iki yan\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcslemekteydi. Her iki tarafta toplam 120 aslan fig\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015ftar a\u015fk ve sava\u015f Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131’d\u0131r. Sevildi\u011fi kadar korkulur da.\u00a0T\u00f6ren yolunda g\u00f6z hizas\u0131nda konumlanan a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmdeki aslan\u00a0d\u00fc\u015fmana korku, dosta g\u00fcven sals\u0131n diye yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130\u015ftar\u00a0egemen hanedanlar\u0131n ve ordular\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusu ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/span><\/p>\n Milet G\u00fcney Agora Kuzey Kap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n M.S II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130mparator Hadrian d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.\u00a0J\u00fcstinyen\u00a0538’de Milet’in savunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011finde, kap\u0131 surlara yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman arkeolog Theodor Wiegand taraf\u0131ndan bulunup Berlin’e getirilmi\u015f. Renk farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok k\u0131sm\u0131 orjinal de\u011fil. Bu nedenle ele\u015ftirilere maruz kal\u0131yormu\u015f. Yap\u0131; 30 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde, 16 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 5 metre derinli\u011finde.<\/p>\n Trajaneum Salonu<\/strong><\/p>\n Milet Agora Kap\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0bulunuyor. Tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Roma \u0130mparatoru Trajan i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan akropol\u00fcn en y\u00fcksek teras\u0131d\u0131r. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 Hadrian, selefi Trajan i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak burada bu iki imparatora birden tap\u0131n\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde Trajan ve Hadrian’\u0131n mermer heykellerinin ba\u015flar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u00c7elenk ta\u015f\u0131yan Eros<\/p>\n Liman An\u0131t\u0131<\/p>\n Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 m\u0131 ok\u015fuyor yoksa \u00e7\u0131k git art\u0131k m\u0131 diyor anlamad\u0131m:)<\/p>\n Orpheus Mozai\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 salonda bulunuyor. (Orpheus; eski Yunan, din ve efsanesinde m\u00fczisyen ve \u015fairdir.) Milet’te bir villan\u0131n taban\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen Orpheus Mozai\u011fi \u015feffaf renkli cam mozaik k\u00fcplerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Etraf\u0131 dikd\u00f6rtgen panolarla \u00e7evrili sahnede Orpheus oturmakta, ona bir k\u00f6pek ve karga e\u015flik etmektedir. Orpheus sol eliyle lir tutarken sa\u011f elinde havaya kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 penas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Evlerin zeminini s\u00fcsleyen mozaikler, Milet’in zenginli\u011fini yans\u0131tacak nitelikte de\u011ferli eserlerdir.<\/p>\n Nebukadnezar saray salonunun giri\u015finde sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu kap\u0131 bek\u00e7ileri yani Lamussu<\/strong>. (Orjinalleri British M\u00fczesi’nde). Lamussu Asurlular’da saraylar\u0131n giri\u015finde, soka\u011fa ve i\u00e7 avluya bakan giri\u015flerde \u00e7ift olarak yerle\u015ftirilirdi. \u0130nsan ba\u015fl\u0131, ku\u015f kanatl\u0131 bo\u011fa veya aslan v\u00fccutlu olurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Salonun ortas\u0131nda bazalt havuz var.\u00a0Assurlular’dan kalma. \u0130nananlar\u0131n olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 ve terbiye edilmesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Sam’al Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem Asurlular’\u0131n denetimine girmi\u015f bir krall\u0131k.<\/p>\n Sam’al Aslanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n Asur Kral\u0131 Esarhaddon heykeli<\/p>\n Asur Mezar Odas\u0131<\/p>\n \u0130ki sfenks taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen s\u00fctun taban\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130klim Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Adad (Hadad)<\/p>\n \u0130slam Eserleri M\u00fczesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Halep odas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na ait. Suriye’de zengin H\u0131ristiyan t\u00fcccara ait bir evden getirilmi\u015f. K\u0131ymetli ah\u015fap kaplama yap\u0131 \u0130slam ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembolleri ile s\u00fcslenmi\u015f. Dinlerin bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi.<\/p>\n M\u015fatta Saray\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dcrd\u00fcn’de, Amman’\u0131n 22 km g\u00fcneyinde, 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen Emevi saray\u0131.\u00a0Kaleyi and\u0131ran kal\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kaz\u0131lar yap\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Saray\u0131n \u00e7ok ince bir i\u015f\u00e7ilik g\u00f6steren oyma ta\u015f s\u00fcslemeleri sanat tarihinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u015fatta Saray\u0131’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iki yan\u0131ndaki be\u015fgen kulelerin alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri.<\/p>\n Konya Beyhekim Mescidi’nin \u00c7inili Mihrab\u0131<\/p>\n El Hamra Kubbesi<\/p>\n Ka\u015fhan Meydan Cami Mihrab\u0131, \u0130ran<\/p>\n 28. Eski Ulusal Galeri (Alte Nationalgalerie)<\/strong><\/p>\n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l tablolar\u0131n\u0131n Almanya’daki en \u00f6nemli koleksiyonlar\u0131ndan birine ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n M\u00fczenin giri\u015finde g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7abilecek bir duvarda Osman Hamdi Bey’in “Okuyan Arap” (1904) adl\u0131 tablosu. (@Pinterest’ten al\u0131nt\u0131).<\/p>\n Gitmeden \u00f6nce hikayesini h\u00fcrriyet gazetesinde okumu\u015ftum. “Ab-\u0131 Hayat \u00c7e\u015fmesi” ya da Almanca “Okuyan Arap” anlam\u0131na gelen “Lesender Araber” tablosu \u0130stanbul’da Alman Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu’nda bir k\u00f6\u015fede unutulup gitmi\u015f. M\u00fcze m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Philipp Demandt tabloyu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce (muhtemelen 2012’de), daha ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00e7ok heyecanlanm\u0131\u015f ve Berlin’e getirtmi\u015f. 2 metre boyunda, 1.5 metre enindeki tabloyu m\u00fczeye giri\u015fte sergi salonunun kap\u0131s\u0131na ast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Arnold B\u00f6cklin: \u00d6l\u00fcler Adas\u0131<\/p>\n Johann Gottfried Schadow: Prensesler Louse ve Friederika<\/p>\n (\u00c7ifte d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f olan karde\u015f prensesler ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc heykeli. Schadow’un \u00fcnl\u00fc di\u011fer heykeli Brandenburg Kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki Quadriga’d\u0131r)<\/p>\n 29. Neues Museum (Yeni M\u00fcze)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1843-1855 y\u0131llar\u0131nda mimar August St\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan m\u00fcze sava\u015fta y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 2009\u2019da restorasyon ge\u00e7irip yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Antik M\u0131s\u0131r Medeniyeti a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere Antik d\u00f6nemin eserleri sergileniyor.<\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc Nefertiti’nin b\u00fcst\u00fc de burada.<\/p>\n 30. Altes Museum (Eski M\u00fcze)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1713-1867 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Prusya\u00a0Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen Alman devletinin ilk m\u00fczesidir. Tasar\u0131m\u0131 Karl Friedrich Schinkel\u2019e ait olan binada daire bi\u00e7iminde odalar ve kubbe mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Yunan, Roma ve Etr\u00fcsk d\u00f6nemlerinden kalma \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli antik eserler bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130talya<\/span>‘n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck Etr\u00fcsk sanat koleksiyonu burada sergileniyor.<\/span><\/p>\n Bah\u00e7ede biraz gezinip heykellere bak\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n S\u0131rada adada bulunan katedral var.<\/p>\n 31. Berlin Katedrali (Berliner Dom)<\/strong><\/p>\n Buradaki ilk kilise 1465 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu sade bina daha sonra saray\u0131n hemen kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki Hohenzoller’in ailesi i\u00e7in mahkeme kilisesi olarak hizmet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n Kilise, 1717’de Johann Boumann taraf\u0131ndan Barok\u00a0tarz\u0131nda tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1822’de Karl Friedrich Schinkel neo-klasik bir tarzda yap\u0131y\u0131 yeniden modellemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 1894’te ise \u0130mparator II. William emriyle y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Mimar Julius Raschdorff taraf\u0131ndan yeniden Neo-barok tarz\u0131nda tasarlanan katedral 1905’te g\u00f6rkemli bir Protestan Kilisesi olarak hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda hasarlanan katedral\u00a01975-1981 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mimar G\u00fcnter Stahn taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanarak yeniden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt kulesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kubbesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Son restorasyonu 2002’de tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a s\u00fcsl\u00fc bir kilisedir. Kubbede zengin Barok s\u00fcslemeler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mermer s\u00fctunlar ve yald\u0131zl\u0131 s\u00fcslemeler bol miktarda bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130sa’n\u0131n do\u011fumunu, \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilmesini ve dirili\u015fini tasvir eden \u00fc\u00e7 vitray pencereye sahiptir.<\/p>\n Orjinal olarak 1905’te yap\u0131lan org da restorasyon ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. 7000’den fazla boru\u00a0bulunur.<\/p>\n Berlin m\u00fcze giri\u015fi 7 euro idi. Buna kubbeye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f dahil. Vefa \u00e7\u0131kmak istemedi. Ben \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki kubbeye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 267 basamaktan olu\u015fuyor.\u00a0<\/span>\u00c7\u0131karken kirli pencerelerin arkas\u0131ndan bile foto\u011fraf \u00e7ektim. Nihayet kubbenin tepesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmek istedi\u011fimde bir ne ne g\u00f6reyim. Makinam\u0131n pili bitmi\u015f ve yedek pil Vefa’n\u0131n \u00e7antas\u0131nda. Neyse ki cep telefonum yan\u0131mdayd\u0131:)<\/p>\n Spree nehri manzaras\u0131. En solda Yeni M\u00fcze, sa\u011fda Alte M\u00fczesi (Eski Ulusal Galeri), ortada bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcken ise Pergamon M\u00fczesi.<\/p>\n Berlin katedrali’nin \u00f6n cephesi. Soldan ge\u00e7en ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki nehri ge\u00e7ip ana kara \u00fczerinden devam eden cadde Ihlamurlar Alt\u0131nda Caddesi. Bu cadde Brandenburg Kap\u0131s\u0131’na kadar uzan\u0131yor.\u00a0Foto\u011frafta sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fede sil\u00fcet halinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kubbe, Brandenburg Kap\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bulunan Alman Parlamento binas\u0131na ait. Mesafe olarak bir fikir verebilir. (Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 kilometre.)<\/p>\n \u015eimdi kapanmadan yakalamam\u0131z gereken bir saray var.<\/p>\n 32. Charlottenburg Saray\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Charlottenburg semti Berlin’in 1705 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir il\u00e7esiymi\u015f. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Berlin’e dahil edilip bir semt olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Gezerken varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir muhit oldu\u011fu hemen farkediliyor.<\/p>\n Charlottenburg Saray\u0131; Berlin’deki ayakta kalan tek kraliyet saray\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span> Saraya geldi\u011fimizde saat 17:30’du. San\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131m saatimiz vard\u0131 gezmek i\u00e7in. Apar topar biletimizi al\u0131p gezmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. Saray giri\u015f \u00fccreti 10 euro.<\/p>\n Yeni gezmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k ki bu teyze Vefa’ya k\u00f6t\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc bakt\u0131 ve foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fccret \u00f6demesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Hadi can\u0131m deyip foto\u011fraf makinalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kapatt\u0131k. Yani bu kadar\u0131 da fazla sanki.<\/p>\n Saray\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bah\u00e7esi vard\u0131. Orada biraz gezindik.<\/p>\n Bu arada m\u00fczeyi ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in yemek de yiyememi\u015f, ancak yolda gelirken saray yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir L\u00fcbnan Lokantas\u0131’n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze kestirmi\u015ftik. Hemen oraya gittik. Biz garsona \u0130ngilizce olarak yemekleri sorarken o T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Suriyeli’ymi\u015f ve iki y\u0131l \u0130stanbul’da kalm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n 33. Potsdamer Meydan\u0131 (Potsdamer Platz)<\/strong><\/p>\n Berlin’deki en modern ve y\u00fcksek binalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu meydan.<\/p>\n 34. En eski trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 1920’lerde Berlin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehriymi\u015f. Trafi\u011fin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Potsdamer Platz’da, Berlin’deki ilk trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemi 1924’te faaliyete ge\u00e7iyor.\u00a0 Yayalar ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7in trafi\u011fi d\u00fczenliyordu.\u00a0Sekiz metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki trafik lambas\u0131 kulesinde sinyal kontrol\u00fc vard\u0131 ve \u00fczerindeki kabinde polis bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde var olan kule eskinin kopyas\u0131.<\/p>\n 35. Sony Center<\/strong><\/p>\n Giri\u015finde Legoland bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Sony Center binas\u0131 buran\u0131n renkli bir merkezi.<\/p>\n Gece Alex cafe<\/strong>de bir \u015feyler i\u00e7erken buradaki \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6sterisini izleme \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n 36. Berliner<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Almanlar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc bir pastalar\u0131 var. Ad\u0131 berliner.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Yerken foto\u011fraflamay\u0131 unutmu\u015fum. Foto\u011fraf i\u00e7in internetten faydaland\u0131m. Bununla ilgili bir hikaye var:)<\/p>\n 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 J.F. Kenndy, Berlin’de so\u011fuk sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc konu\u015fmas\u0131nda “Ich bin ein Berliner” yani “Ben Berlinliyim” demek istemi\u015f ama san\u0131r\u0131m “Ben berlinerim” demi\u015f.<\/p>\n 37. Has\u0131r Restoran<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrk Mahallesi Kreuzberg’de temiz, g\u00fczel bir mekan.<\/p>\n Sizin i\u00e7in men\u00fcy\u00fc de koyuyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yorumlarda yalan yanl\u0131\u015f fiyatlar yazm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n Berlin’de isteyip de yapamad\u0131klar\u0131m:<\/strong><\/p>\n Spree nehrinde bot turu<\/p>\n Mauerpark bit pazar\u0131nda gezmek<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 28 Nisan – 1 May\u0131s Berlin Gezisi K\u0131sa bir tatili de\u011ferlendirme pe\u015findeyiz. Bu sefer Ali Vefa Berlin’i se\u00e7iyor. M\u00fczeler \u015fehri. Tam bizlik:) 28 Nisan 7:40 THY u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul’dan Berlin’e u\u00e7uyoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[385,257],"tags":[252,245,246,248,249,253,256,255,254,243,244,250,251,247],"class_list":["post-2365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-almanya","category-berlin","tag-alexanderplatz","tag-alte","tag-alter","tag-bode-muzesi","tag-brandenburg","tag-charlottenburg","tag-east-side-gallery","tag-hasir-restorant","tag-kreuzberg","tag-muzeler-adasi","tag-pergamon-muzesi","tag-reichstag","tag-tiergarten","tag-yeni-muze"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2365"}],"version-history":[{"count":80,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6349,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2365\/revisions\/6349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"berlin](\"http:\/\/berlin.barwick.de\/static\/images\/3\/31\/2007\/berlin-districts.png\")
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Eski g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131y\u0131\u00a0g\u00f6steren odalar bulunuyor.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/20180428_193241-576x1024.jpg\")
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