{"id":1809,"date":"2017-07-27T23:41:10","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T20:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/?p=1809"},"modified":"2024-08-19T13:56:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T10:56:48","slug":"kordoba-kurtuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/27\/kordoba-kurtuba\/","title":{"rendered":"Kordoba (Kurtuba)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kordoba<\/h3>\n

4. G\u00fcn: 5 Nisan 2017 \u00c7ar\u015famba<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sevilla ve Granada ile birlikte End\u00fcl\u00fcs’\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehrinden biridir. Turistler buraya \u00fcnl\u00fc Kurtuba camisi i\u00e7in gelmektedir ancak Kurtuba bundan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I. Abdurrahman y\u00f6netiminde Ma\u011fribi \u0130spanya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131 seyyahlara g\u00f6re “arz\u0131n incisi” dedikleri Kurtuba’da 70 k\u00fct\u00fcphane, 300 den fazla hamam varm\u0131\u015f. \u015eehrin kitap sevgisi dillere destanm\u0131\u015f. Fransa’da krall\u0131k k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde 900 civar\u0131nda kitap bulunurken buradaki \u00a0k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde yar\u0131m milyondan fazla kitap vard\u0131. Astronomi bilgisi Avrupa’n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fc. Astronomi ile karma\u015f\u0131k bir i\u015flem olan Mekke’nin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc saptayabiliyorlard\u0131. Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan icat edilen Usturlab (sekstant) aletini geli\u015ftirmi\u015fler. (\u00d6zbekistan gezimiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ulu\u011f Bey’in bu konudaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftik). Bu geli\u015fme deniz yolculu\u011funun ilerlemesi ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ke\u015fifler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle hastanelerinde yap\u0131lan ameliyatlar Avrupa’dan 400 y\u0131l \u00f6ndeydi. \u00dcnl\u00fc Ebul Kas\u0131m k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 “T\u0131p Ansiklopedisi” isimli eserini yazmaya harcam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m kiralama sistemini getirerek toprak kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

2 mil boyunca sokaklar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan sokak lambalar\u0131 ilk olarak bu \u015fehirde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Yine Avrupa’n\u0131n ilk \u00fcniversitesi burada a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

912’de III. Abdurrahman halifeli\u011fini ilan etmi\u015f burada.<\/p>\n

Bilgi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn birlikteli\u011fi Kurtuba’y\u0131 bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi yapm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

R\u00f6nesans’\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin rol\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu bilinir. Orta \u00e7a\u011fda Avrupa’n\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde kilisenin hakimiyeti s\u00fcrerken \u0130ber yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki \u0130slam topraklar\u0131 bir bilim merkezi haline gelmi\u015fti. Antik Yunan d\u00f6neminde felsefe alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler taraf\u0131ndan incelendi ve \u00e7evirisi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri Kordoba do\u011fumlu \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd’d\u00fc. Aristo’nun hemen t\u00fcm yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd’\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Latinceye \u00e7evrildi. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bu sayede Antik Yunan felsefesinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

\u0130lber Ortayl\u0131: “End\u00fcl\u00fcs \u0130bn-i Arabi’yi \u00e7\u0131karacak kadar mistikti. Tasavvufun \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Ama bir taraf\u0131 ile b\u00fct\u00fcn dinleri ve adetleri inceleyecek ve \u00f6\u011frenecek kadar da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu toplum \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd’\u00fc ve Yahudi bilgin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Maimonides’i ayn\u0131 \u015fehirde, Romal\u0131 Seneca’n\u0131n Kurtuba’s\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 dinin mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bu derecede verimli bir bi\u00e7imde kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir d\u00f6nem ve yer g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.”<\/p>\n

Evet bu kadar giri\u015f bilgisi \u015fimdilik yeter:)<\/p>\n

Sabah Granada’dan Kurtuba’ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yoruz. 160 kilometrelik bir mesafe.\u00a0\u015eehre gelince merkeze yak\u0131n bir yerde arabay\u0131 otoparka b\u0131rak\u0131p buradan merkeze do\u011fru “San Basilio<\/strong>” isimli mahalledeki beyaz-sar\u0131, beyaz-mavi badanal\u0131 evler bulunan dar sokaklardan ge\u00e7erek ilerliyoruz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Eczanenin duvar\u0131ndaki mozaiklerde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tipler.<\/p>\n

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1. Kurtuba Cami (La Mezquita)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eskiden burada pagan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. \u00dczerine Hristiyan kilisesi in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n geli\u015fi ile camiye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f. Avrupa’da mimarisi ile tek olan bu caminin temelleri 786 y\u0131l\u0131nda I. Abdurrahman taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde II. Abdurrahman, III. Abdurrahman, II. Hakem camiye orjinalinden altta kalmayacak g\u00fczellikte ilaveler yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Her lider kendi otoritesini ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermek istemi\u015f. Tabii artan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman cemaati de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kurtuba cami, Kurtuba’n\u0131n End\u00fcl\u00fcs’\u00fcn ba\u015fkenti olmas\u0131 sebebi ile devletin de merkez camisi kabul edilirdi. Devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 y\u00f6netimsel kararlar\u0131 burada al\u0131r ve halka duyururdu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcniversite idi. Dini ve m\u00fcspet ilimlerde e\u011fitim yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

(Giri\u015f \u00fccreti 10 euro).<\/p>\n

Cami d\u00f6rt futbol sahas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir alana oturuyor. Portakal a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu avluda ( Patio de los Naranjos)\u00a0 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar zaman\u0131nda abdest almak i\u00e7in \u015fad\u0131rvan bulunurken buras\u0131 daha sonralar\u0131 f\u0131skiyeli havuza \u00e7evrilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Oniks, mermer, granitten dev\u015firme malzeme ile yap\u0131lan 863 adet s\u00fctunu ile en fazla s\u00fctuna sahip olma \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan camide bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ile Suriye’deki vahalar ve palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 istenmi\u015f. Ma\u011fribiler binalar\u0131n\u0131 yaparken halihaz\u0131rdaki arkeolojik unsurlar\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 almak, uyarlamak ve geli\u015ftirmek konusunda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6zg\u00fcr davranm\u0131\u015f. S\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 beyaz \u00e7izgili at nal\u0131 kemerler, Vizigotlar\u0131n kilise tasar\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir modelden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve s\u00fctunlar\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini tamamlamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ift kemerli yap\u0131 da ilk defa burada kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Art arda tekrarlanan bu s\u00fctunlar orman\u0131 sonsuzluk duygusunu veriyor ayn\u0131 zamanda. Deniz kabu\u011fu \u015feklindeki girintiler farkl\u0131 bir akustik sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Cami yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buradaki kemerli yollar tamamen a\u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bu yollarla sa\u011flan\u0131yormu\u015f. Hristiyanlar d\u00f6neminde 19 adet olan bu giri\u015fler, ortam\u0131 karartmak i\u00e7in kapanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7 giri\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi kullan\u0131lmayan giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Koridorlar\u0131n L\u00fcbnan sedirinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ah\u015fap tavan bezemeleri g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mihrap<\/strong><\/p>\n

Caminin\u00a0mihrab\u0131 II. Hakem d\u00f6nemindeki geni\u015fletmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Mihrap bu camide ilgin\u00e7 olarak oda \u015feklinde. En g\u00fczel mihrap olarak biliniyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mihrap \u00fczerindeki ve tavan\u0131ndaki mozaikler\u00a0\u0130stanbul’dan gelmi\u015f. II. Hakem’le ili\u015fkileri iyi olan devrin Bizans \u0130mparatoru Nikeforos, gemilerle 320 ton cam par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 mozaik i\u015f\u00e7isi ustalarla birlikte Kurtuba’ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131gen zeminli odada k\u00f6\u015fe duvarlar at nal\u0131 \u015feklinde s\u00fcslenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Alt\u0131n varak bol miktarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u0130stiridye \u015feklindeki kubbe \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve bitki motifleri ile bezeli. Kasnaklar\u0131 kufi yaz\u0131larla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Mihrab\u0131n iki taraf\u0131nda bronz kap\u0131l\u0131 iki oda var. Beyt\u00fcl mal ve Sebat odas\u0131. Halifenin ve ileri gelenlerin namaz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer. Bizdeki h\u00fcnkar mahfili gibi.<\/p>\n

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\u0130spanyollar Kurtuba’y\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra camiyi katedrale \u00e7evirmi\u015fler. V. Carlos’un izniyle caminin ortas\u0131na Katedrali kondurmu\u015flar. Bunun i\u00e7in mihraba paralel 6 koridoru kullanm\u0131\u015flar. Bir\u00e7ok\u00a0s\u00fctunu y\u0131km\u0131\u015flar.\u00a0Tavandaki ah\u015faplar\u0131 ta\u015f ile de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Koro b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Caminin sadeli\u011fi i\u00e7indeki muhte\u015fem g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden uzak bir yap\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rivayet odur ki V. Carlos in\u015fa edilen kiliseyi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan pi\u015fman olmu\u015f. Kilise, Kurtuba Camisi’nde izlenen sonsuzluk hissini bir miktar hasara u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f tabii.<\/p>\n

Ancak hayran olduklar\u0131 bu yap\u0131n\u0131n mihrab\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu as\u0131l cami k\u0131sm\u0131na dokunmam\u0131\u015flar ve katedral yerine cami katedral demeyi tercih etmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Caminin yan duvar\u0131 boyunca 36 kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fapel bulunuyor. Hepsi demir parmakl\u0131kl\u0131. Nedeni ise Napolyon ordular\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda burada bulunan de\u011ferli m\u00fccevher ve eserlerin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7inmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7an Kulesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1593 y\u0131l\u0131nda cami minaresi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p enkaz\u0131 \u00fczerine 93 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde \u00e7an kulesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

(Giri\u015f 2 euro).<\/p>\n

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Kuleden \u015fehir manzaras\u0131<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

En tepedeki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7an<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kurtuba camisi \u015fehirden ge\u00e7en Guadalquivir nehrinin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor. \u015eimdi nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7iyoruz.<\/p>\n

2. San Rafael Zafer Heykeli<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcnde de yunus heykeli.<\/p>\n

Bazen b\u00f6yle poz veresim geliyor:)<\/p>\n

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3. Roma K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Puento Romano)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Guadalquivir Nehri boyunca uzanan k\u00f6pr\u00fc sade ama ihti\u015faml\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde. \u0130lk olarak 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Romal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan k\u00f6pr\u00fc defalarca restore edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131 taraftaki kale de \u015fehri koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4. Puerta del Puente (K\u00f6pr\u00fc Kap\u0131s\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kurtuba cami taraf\u0131nda ise 1571 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fehrin giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

5. Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos (Alkazar Saray\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Giri\u015f 4,5 euro).<\/p>\n

14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Roma\u00a0lahit ve mozaiklerinin sergilendi\u011fi bir m\u00fcze.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bah\u00e7esi El Hamra Saray\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131yor. Araplar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi havuz, sulama, f\u0131skiye sistemi Hristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan da muhafaza edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\" \u00a0\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Biraz da\u00a0“La Juderia<\/strong>” isimli eski Yahudi mahallesinde dolan\u0131yoruz. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kafeler, restoranlar ve hediyelik e\u015fya d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu sokaklar c\u0131v\u0131l c\u0131v\u0131l.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z arabay\u0131 firmaya b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz. Ard\u0131ndan saat 19’da Valensiya’ya gitmek \u00fczere trenimize biniyoruz. (80 euro).<\/p>\n

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<\/h4>\n

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1984 unesco<\/p>\n

san rafael zafer meydan\u0131 yunus \u00e7e\u015fmesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kordoba 4. G\u00fcn: 5 Nisan 2017 \u00c7ar\u015famba Sevilla ve Granada ile birlikte End\u00fcl\u00fcs’\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehrinden biridir. Turistler buraya \u00fcnl\u00fc Kurtuba camisi i\u00e7in gelmektedir ancak Kurtuba bundan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1826,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[153,180],"tags":[178,174,179,177,176,175],"class_list":["post-1809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ispanya","category-kordoba","tag-alcazar-de-los-reyes-cristianos","tag-kurtuba-cami","tag-la-juderia","tag-puerta-del-puente","tag-roma-koprusu","tag-san-rafael"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1809"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5623,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1809\/revisions\/5623"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yeryuzundebirkacadim.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}